International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and New Zealand Physical Activity Questionnaire (NZPAQ): A doubly l
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BioMed Central
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International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and New Zealand Physical Activity Questionnaire (NZPAQ): A doubly labelled water validation Ralph Maddison*1, Cliona Ni Mhurchu†1, Yannan Jiang†1, Stephen Vander Hoorn†1, Anthony Rodgers†1, Carlene MM Lawes†1 and Elaine Rush†2 Address: 1Clinical Trials Research Unit, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand and 2Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand Email: Ralph Maddison* - [email protected]; Cliona Ni Mhurchu - [email protected]; Yannan Jiang - [email protected]; Stephen Vander Hoorn - [email protected]; Anthony Rodgers - [email protected]; Carlene MM Lawes - [email protected]; Elaine Rush - [email protected] * Corresponding author †Equal contributors
Published: 3 December 2007 International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 2007, 4:62 5868-4-62
doi:10.1186/1479-
Received: 30 March 2007 Accepted: 3 December 2007
This article is available from: http://www.ijbnpa.org/content/4/1/62 © 2007 Maddison et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract Background: Accurate measurement of physical activity is a pre-requisite for monitoring population health and for evaluating effective interventions. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) is used as a comparable and standardised self-report measure of habitual physical activity of populations from different countries and socio-cultural contexts. The IPAQ has been modified to produce a New Zealand physical activity questionnaire (NZPAQ). The aim of this study was to validate the IPAQ and NZPAQ against doubly labelled water (DLW). Method: Total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured over a 15-day period using DLW. Activity-related energy expenditure (AEE) was estimated by subtracting the energy expenditure from resting metabolic rate and thermic effect of feeding from TEE. The IPAQ (long form) and NZPAQ (short form) were completed at the end of each 7-day period. Activity-related energy expenditure (IPAQAEE and NZPAQAEE) was calculated from each questionnaire and compared to DLWAEE. Results: Thirty six adults aged 18 to 56 years (56% female) completed all measurements. Compared to DLWAEE, IPAQAEE and NZPAQAEE on average underestimated energy expenditure by 27% and 59%, respectively. There was good agreement between DLWAEE and both IPAQAEE and NZPAQAEE at lower levels of physical activity. However there was marked underestimation of questionnaire-derived energy expenditure at higher levels of activity. Conclusion: Both the IPAQ and NZPAQ instruments have a demonstrated systematic bias toward underestimation of physical activity-related e
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