Interoperability of Two RESTful Protocols: HTTP and CoAP
Recent advancements in terms of protocols and architectural design, bring us closer to realize the Internet of Things (IoT)/Web of Things (WoT) vision; with disruptive effects on the interaction between humans and reality. We detail the specific embedded
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Interoperability of Two RESTful Protocols: HTTP and CoAP Myriam Leggieri and Michael Hausenblas
3.1 The Internet of Things (IoT) The Internet as we know it, is about to change, becoming a global digital nervous system with consequences that deeply affect our lives. We have already entered a state of always on connectivity, where people interact not only with each other and common devices like PC and laptops, but also with things. Things interact with each other through machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, they have been on the Internet, but not directly connected to it or able to sense the surrounding real world. What is currently undergoing is a massive attempt at scaling up the amount of connected things on one side, and down the cost of connecting them on the other. It is expected that by using the same standards, the integration with applications will be simplified and higher-level interaction among resource-constrained devices— abstracting away heterogeneities—will be possible. In fact, devices embedded in any sort of objects are becoming natively IP-enabled and Internet-connected, while Internet services monitor and control them. The phenomenon of expansion from the original Internet set, is called the Internet of Things (IoT) (Fig. 3.1). It starts from a core including a backbone of routers and servers with high capacity, rarely changing; goes through the Fringe—including devices with human assistance for connectivity e.g., laptop, PCs and, some mobile phones—and ends with IoT, where embedded devices communicate with each other directly or through the Internet without human intervention. IoT devices are key-enablers of enhancements in several applications, e.g. logistics, building automation, smart metering and industrial automation. This phenomenon has enormous proportions, e.g., the microcontroller and microprocessor market sales grow up to 43 billions USD in 2009; the amount ∗
The bibliography that accompanies this chapter appears at the end of this volume and is also available as a free download as Back Matter on SpringerLink, with online reference linking.
M. Leggieri () Digital Enterprise Research Institute (DERI), National University of Ireland, Galway, IDA Business Park, Lower Dangan, Galway, Ireland e-mail: [email protected] M. Hausenblas DERI, NUI Galway, IDA Business Park, Lower Dangan, Galway, Ireland e-mail: [email protected] C. Pautasso et al. (eds.), REST: Advanced Research Topics and Practical Applications, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-9299-3_3, © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014
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M. Leggieri and M. Hausenblas
Fig. 3.1 The Internet of Things Vision: Expansion from the core Internet backbone Fig. 3.2 Connected Life: exponential growth estimation of embedded devices by 2020
of Internet-connected devices (Fig. 3.2) is expected to grow [195] up to 50 billion USD by 2020 [72]. These estimates rise up to trillions if considering personal, local and wide-area networks. Unlike the homogeneous PC Information Technology—mostly aimed at home and office environme
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