Interpersonal Trust Reported by Adolescents Living with Mental Illness: A Scoping Review
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SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Interpersonal Trust Reported by Adolescents Living with Mental Illness: A Scoping Review Angela Clarke1 · Pamela J. Meredith1,2 · Tanya A. Rose1 Received: 25 July 2020 / Accepted: 24 October 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Although adolescents experiencing mental illness lack trust in others, potentially influencing their help-seeking behaviors, no broad review of trust in adolescents living with mental illness exists. This scoping review examines what can be learned about interpersonal trust from adolescents living with mental illness. More specifically, the aim of this study was to investigate reports from adolescents with mental illness regarding: (1) factors they perceive influence their trust, (2) factors statistically associated with trust, and (3) interventions that support trust. This review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Articles were identified through database and hand searches, with 89 of the 2010 identified articles included. Frequency counts and content analysis revealed several factors which fostered trust e.g., worker reliability. Trust was associated with protective factors such as quality of communication, and negatively with mental illness. Thirteen articles reported on trust outcomes of interventions, with most reporting positive outcomes. This review revealed adolescents’ perceptions of factors associated with trust, which may assist carers/professionals to build trust with them. Research is needed into links between trust and the quality of adolescents’ communication, and interventions targeting trust in adolescents with mental illness. Keywords Trust · Adolescence · Mental illness · Scoping review
Introduction Adolescents experiencing mental illness frequently have less than optimal levels of trust (Fett et al. 2016) which, in turn, is associated with other sequelae, including difficulties in personal relationships (Vivona 2000), impaired social learning (Lenow et al. 2018), and diminished helpseeking for mental health concerns (Corry and Leavey, 2017). Although research regarding trust and adolescent mental illness is accumulating, there has been no review of the existing evidence-base related to trust in adolescents living with mental illness, and none focussing on the perspective of the adolescent. The current study provides this review and will inform further research and the work of carers and
* Angela Clarke [email protected] 1
School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Australia
2
professionals aiming to build trust with adolescents living with mental illness. “Interpersonal trust”, defined as trust in specific, familiar individuals such as family members (Flanagan and Stout 2010), is particularly relevant in adolescence. There is evidence that trust increases between early childhood a
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