Interplanetary Mission Analysis and Design

The book describes current mission analysis and design techniques that may be applied to a very wide range of interplanetary missions from those targeting the inner planets to those destined for the outer planets and Solar System escape trajectories. The

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Stephen Kemble

Interplanetary Mission Analysis and Design

Published in association with

Praxis Publishing Chichester, UK

Mr Stephen Kemble Consultant EADS Astrium Stevenage Hertfordshire UK

SPRINGER–PRAXIS BOOKS IN ASTRONAUTICAL ENGINEERING SUBJECT ADVISORY EDITOR: John Mason M.Sc., B.Sc., Ph.D.

ISBN 10: 3-540-29913-0 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York Springer is part of Springer-Science + Business Media (springeronline.com) Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available from the Internet at http://dnb.ddb.de Library of Congress Control Number: 2005935455 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. # Praxis Publishing Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2006 Printed in Germany The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: Jim Wilkie Project copy editor: Bob Marriott Project management: Originator Publishing Services, Gt Yarmouth, Norfolk, UK Printed on acid-free paper

Contents

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

ix

Acknowledgements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

xiii

List of ®gures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

xv

List of tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxvii Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Interplanetary missions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 Fundamentals of interplanetary missions . . . . . . 1.1.1 Interplanetary transfers . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.2 Lambert's problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.3 Solutions to Lambert's problem for an transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.4 Transfer types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.5 Launch opportunities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.6 Multi-revolution transfers . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Leaving a planet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2.1 Escape orbits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2.2 Orbiting a planet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2.3 Intermediate launch and apogee raising . . 1.2.4 Interplanetary departure implications . . . 1.3 Planet orbit selection and inser