Interpretation of thermal grooving data for copper
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Sulfur, Wt Pct
CaO/(FeO)total = 1 BaO/(FeO)total = 1
1.47 5.48
4. C. G. Thibaut and J. Astier: PubL Inst. Rech. Sider., 1954, vol. A83, pp. 1-138. 5. T. T. Negrescu: Acad. Rep. Pop. Rom., Studii Cerc. Met., 1957, vol. 2, pp. 44763. 6. R. E. Boni and G. Derge: Trans. AIME, 1956, vol. 206, pp. 59-64. 7. C. W. Sherman and J. Chipman: AIME Trans., 1952, vol. 194, pp. 597-602. 8. J. H. Young, Jr. and T. P. Floridis: Trans. TMS-AIME, 1967, vol. 239, pp. 1863-64. 9. G. Derge: Steelmaking: The Chiprnan Conference, J. F. Elliott and T. R. Meadowcraft, eds., pp. 91-94. The MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1965.
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Interpretation of Thermal Grooving Data for Copper
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P. V. McALLISTER AND I. B. CUTLER
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IN their investigations of diffusion in copper Mullins and Shewmon 1 and Gjostein 2 have conducted grain boundary grooving experiments and have concluded that surface diffusion was the mechanism of m a s s transport. These conclusions are believed to be in
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GJOSTEIN DATA Cu
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Fig. 2 - - E f f e c t of s l a g c o m p o s i t i o n on t h e d e s u l f u r i z i n g capacity.
a l u m i n a tube heated by a t u b u l a r s i l i c o n c a r b i d e heating e l e m e n t . F o r the approach to e q u i l i b r i u m from h i g h - s u l f u r contents in the s l a g , the sulfur was added in the form of c a l c i u m sulfate or b a r i u m sulfate. At the end of an e x p e r i m e n t the slag was quenched and analyzed. The d u r a t i o n of each e x p e r i m e n t was at l e a s t 20 hr. The r e s u l t s a r e shown in Table II. The r e s u l t s of both s e r i e s of e x p e r i m e n t s indicate that for c o m p a r a b l e b a s i c i t i e s , s l a g s c o n t a i n i n g b a r i u m oxide as the b a s i c oxide c o n s t i t u e n t have b e t t e r d e s u l f u r i z i n g capacity than s l a g s c o n t a i n i n g c a l cium oxide. Boni and Derge 6 have a l r e a d y shown that, under r e d u c i n g conditions, b a r i u m oxide c a u s e s an i n c r e a s e in both the d e s u l f u r i z i n g capacity of slags and in the rate of d e s u l f u r i z a t i o n of i r o n . The i m proved dephosphorizing capacity of s l a g s c o n t a i n i n g b a r i u m oxide has also b e e n e s t a b l i s h e d , s It a p p e a r s , t h e r e f o r e , that s l a g s c o n t a i n i n g b a r i u m oxide, and p a r t i c u l a r l y s l a g s c o n s i s t i n g of AlzO3 and BaO, a r e suitable for the refining of s t e e l . T h i s has a l r e a d y b e e n p r o p o s e d by Derge. 9 B e c a u s e of the high cost of such s l a g s , t h e i r use should p r o b a b l y be l i m i t e d to a p p l i c a t i o n s where s m a l l q u a n t i t i e s of s l a g s a r e used, such as e l e c t r o s l a g r e f i n i n g and v a r i o u s ladle r e f i n i n g processes. The f i n a n c i
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