Intersection of gender, race, and academic rank in anesthesiology
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CORRESPONDENCE
Intersection of gender, race, and academic rank in anesthesiology Abigail H. Daniels, MBChB DA FCA MMed . Alana M. Flexman, MD FRCPC . Gianni R. Lorello, BSc MD MSc (Med Ed) CIP FRCPC
Received: 8 September 2020 / Revised: 1 November 2020 / Accepted: 4 November 2020 Ó Canadian Anesthesiologists’ Society 2020
To the Editor, Racial and gender disparities have been identified in all levels of medicine, including in recruitment, retention, and promotion processes.1 Nevertheless, the intersecting relations of gender and race in anesthesiology are less clear; these relations provide insight into how one’s self is socially constructed and situated among power structures, and how, in turn, society is structured by multiple interactions.2 Intersectionality can be employed as a theoretical framework to understand how intersecting power relations impact social relations across the spectrum of diverse societies.2 Intersectionality views social constructs as being interconnected and influential on each other, giving rise to advantages and disadvantages.2 Research to date has homogenized women’s experiences. Using data from the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC), we
A. H. Daniels, MBChB DA FCA MMed Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital – University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada A. M. Flexman, MD FRCPC Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada G. R. Lorello, BSc MD MSc (Med Ed) CIP FRCPC (&) Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital – University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada e-mail: [email protected] Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, The University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada The Wilson Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
sought to analyze anesthesiologists’ faculty rank representation by intersecting social constructs of gender and race. In this retrospective observational study, we analyzed the intersection of anesthesiologists’ gender, self-identified race and/or ethnicity, and academic rank from 2017 to 2019 inclusively, collected from American medical schools. Institutional ethics approval was not required as all data were publicly available (https://www.aamc.org/ data-reports/faculty-institutions/interactive-data/2019-usmedical-school-faculty). The AAMC provides ‘‘self-identified sex’’ and ‘‘self-identified race/ethnicity.’’ Although sex is collected (i.e., biological female or male), results are reported using gender-related (i.e., socially constructed) terminology (e.g., woman, man). Similarly, although race and ethnicity are distinct concepts, they are combined in the AAMC data set and are presented as such. Data were averaged across years for the analysis. Data from faculty rank ‘‘other’’ were excluded as rank could not specifically be determined. Faculty ranks of assistant professor and instructor were combined as both are considered entry level ranks. Data were described using percentage and number. The total population includ
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