Interspecific competition in Trichopria anastrephae parasitism (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) and Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Interspecific competition in Trichopria anastrephae parasitism (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) and Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) parasitism on pupae of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Daiana da Costa Oliveira & Paloma Stupp & Liliane Nachtigall Martins & Jutiane Wollmann & Fernanda Carla Santos Geisler & Taís Dalla Nora Cardoso & Daniel Bernardi & Flávio Roberto Mello Garcia
Received: 15 January 2020 / Accepted: 21 August 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Trichopria anastrephae Lima and Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Rondani) naturally occur together with the pest Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) in Brazil. Due to their co-occurrence, it is important to understand competitive interactions between these pupal parasitoids and how this may impact D. suzukii parasitism levels. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate the interspecific competition between T. anastrephae and P. vindemmiae. Bioassays were performed with and without time advantage, with different exposure (treatments) of D. suzukii pupae to parasitoid species. Verified that there was a higher parasitism and emergence rate of T. anastrephae adults. This was not observed for P. vindemmiae that decreases the parasitism rate in the presence of T. anastrephae. In strawberry fruits bioassay, T. anastrephae females showed capacity to parasitize pupae of D. suzukii inside strawberry fruits. However, P. vindemmiae had a lower parasitism rate and consequently, fewer insects emerged D. da Costa Oliveira : F. R. M. Garcia Department of Animal Biology, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil P. Stupp : L. N. Martins : J. Wollmann : F. C. S. Geisler : T. D. N. Cardoso : D. Bernardi (*) : F. R. M. Garcia Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), 96010-900, Capão do Leão, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil e-mail: [email protected]
when used alone or associated with the presence of T. anastrephae. Therefore, we can conclude that there is interspecific competition between T. anastrephae and P. vindemmiae in D. suzukii pupae, with T. anastrephae having a higher competitive advantage. Keywords Behavior . Biological control . Spotted-wing drosophila . Parasitoids
Introduction The spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), considered one of the main pests of small fruits in the world (Calabria et al. 2012; Cini et al. 2012; Andreazza et al. 2017). Current management methods rely mainly on the use of chemical insecticides (Burrack et al. 2015; Gress and Zalom 2018). However, studies aiming at alternative management have been performed, such as the use of semiochemicals (Cloonan et al. 2018; Tait et al. 2018), cultural methods (Rendon et al. 2019), cold treatment of postharvest fruits (Aly et al. 2017) and sterile males (Lanouette et al. 2017; Krüger et al. 2018). In this context, for a long-term and environmentally sustainable strategy, D. suzukii biological control is a promising alternative (Schetelig et al. 2
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