Introducing an interactional approach to exploring facilitation as an implementation intervention: examining the utility

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(2020) 1:98

DEBATE

Implementation Science Communications

Open Access

Introducing an interactional approach to exploring facilitation as an implementation intervention: examining the utility of Conversation Analysis Sarah C. Hunter1,2* , Jessica A. Young1,2,3, Michael T. Lawless1,2, Alison L. Kitson1,2 and Rebecca Feo1,2

Abstract Background: The widely adopted integrated-Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (iPARIHS) framework identifies facilitation as a ‘core ingredient’ for successful implementation. Indeed, most implementation scientists agree that a certain degree of facilitation is required to translate research into clinical practice; that is, there must be some intentional effort to assist the implementation of evidence-based approaches and practices into healthcare. Yet understandings of what constitutes facilitation and how to facilitate effectively remain largely theoretical and, therefore, provide scant practical guidance to ensure facilitator success. Implementation Science theories and frameworks often describe facilitation as an activity accomplished in, and through, formal and informal communication amongst facilitators and those involved in the implementation process (i.e. ‘recipients’). However, the specific communication practices that constitute and enable effective facilitation are currently inadequately understood. Aim: In this debate article, we argue that without effective facilitation—a practice requiring significant interactional and interpersonal skills—many implementation projects encounter difficulties. Therefore, we explore whether and how the application of Conversation Analysis, a rigorous research methodology for researching patterns of interaction, could expand existing understandings of facilitation within the Implementation Science field. First, we illustrate how Conversation Analysis methods can be applied to identifying what facilitation looks like in interaction. Second, we draw from existing conversation analytic research into facilitation outside of Implementation Science to expand current understandings of how facilitation might be achieved within implementation. (Continued on next page)

* Correspondence: [email protected] 1 College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia 2 Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © The Author(s). 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a