Introduction to Applied Mathematics

From the Preface: "The material in this book is based on notes for a course which I gave several times at Brown University. The target of the course was juniors and seniors majoring in applied mathematics, engineering and other sciences. My basic goal in

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F.John J.E. Marsden L. Sirovich M. Golubitsky W.Jäger

1

L. Sirovich

Introduction to Applied Mathematics

With 133 lIlustrations

Springer Science+Business Media, LLC Paris Tokyo

Lawrcnce Sirovich Division of Applied Mathematics Brown University Providence, RI 02912, USA Editors F. John Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences New York University New York, NY 10012 USA

M. Golubitsky Department of Mathematics University of Houston Houston, TX 77004 USA

J.E. Marsden Depanment of Mathematics University of Califomia Berkeley, CA 94720 USA

L. Sirovich Division of Applied Mathematics Brown University Providence, RI 02912 USA

W. lager Department of Applied Mathematics U niversitlit Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 294 6900 Heidelberg, FRG

Mathcmatics Subjecl Classificalion (1980): 30xx 3Sxx 42xx 34xx Library of Congress Calaloging-in-Publicalion Oala Sirovich, L., 1933Introduction 10 applied malhemalics. (Texls in applied malhemalics ; 1) Bibliography: p. Includes index . 1. Malhemalics-1961. 1. Tille. II. Series. QA39.2.SS25 1988 SI5 88-27821 Primed on acid-free paper. © 1988 Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Springer-Verlag New York Inc. in 1988 Softcover reIJrint .of the hardcover 1st edition 1988 AII righls reserved. This work may nOI be lranslaled or copied in whole or in pari WilhoUI lhe wl'iuen permissioll of lhe publisher Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, except for brief excerpls in conneclion Wilh reviews or scholarly analysis. Vse in conneclion Wilh any form of informalion slOrage and retrieval, e1eclronic adaplalioll, compuler software, OI' by similar or dissimilar melhodology now known or hereaftel' developed is forbidden. The use of general descriplive names, trade names. trademarks, elc. in lhis publicalion, evell il' lhe former are nOI especially identified •.is notlo be taken as a sign lhal such names, as underslood by lhe Trade Marks and Merchandise Marks ACI. may accordingly be used freely by anyone.

Camcra-ready copy provided by lhe aUlhor. Prin led and bound by R.R. Donnellcy and Sons, Harrisonburg. Virginia.

9 8 7 ti 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 978-1-4612-8932-6 ISBN 978-1-4612-4580-3 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4612-4580-3

(eBook)

Series Preface Mathematics is playing an ever more important role in the physical and biological sciences, provoking a blurring of boundaries between scientific disciplines and a resurgence of interest in the modern as well as the classical techniques of applied mathematics. This renewal of interest, both in research and teaching, has led to the establishment of the series: Texts in Applied

Mathematics (TAM).

The development of new courses is a natural consequence of a high Ievel of excitement on the research frontier as newer techniques, such as numerical and symbolic computer systems, dynamical systems, and chaos, mix with and reinforce the traditional methods of applied mathematics. Thus, the purpose of this textbook series is to meet the current and future needs of these advances and encourage the teaching of new courses. TAM will publish t