Introduction to Cryptography Principles and Applications

Due to the rapid growth of digital communication and electronic data exchange, information security has become a crucial issue in industry, business, and administration. Modern cryptography provides essential techniques for securing information and protec

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Associate Editors Martin Abadi Ross Anderson Mihir Bellare Oded Goldreich Tatsuaki Okamoto Paul van Oorschot Birgit Pfitzmann Aviel D. Rubin Jacques Stern

Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York Barcelona Hong Kong London Milan Paris Tokyo

Hans Delfs · Helmut Knebl

Introduction to Cryptography Principles and Applications

,

Springer

Prof. Dr. Hans Delfs Prof. Dr. Helmut Knebl Georg-Simon-Ohm University of Applied Sciences Niirnberg Department of Computer Science KeBlerplatz 12 90489 Niirnberg Germany {Hans.Delfs, Helmut.Knebl}@fh-nuernberg.de

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufnahme Delfs. Hans: Introduction to cryptography: principles and applications 1 H. Delfs; H. Knebl. Berlin; Heidelberg; New York; Barcelona; Hong Kong; London; Milan; Paris; Tokyo: Springer. 2002 (Information security and cryptography) ISBN 978-3-642-87128-3 ISBN 978-3-642-87126-9 (eBook) DOl 10.1007/978-3-642-87126-9

ACM Computing Classification (1998): E.3 ISBN 978-3-642-87128-3 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved. whether the whole or part of the material is concerned. specifically the rights of translation. reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation. broadcasting. reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German copyright law of September 9, 1965, in . its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from SpringerVerlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York, a member of BertelsmannSpringer Science+Business Media GmbH http://www.springer.de © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2002

Softcover reprint of the hardcover 15t edition 2002

The use of general descriptive names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement. that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: KlinkelLopka. Heidelberg Typesetting: Camera-ready by authors SPIN: 10838447 Printed on acid-free paper

45/3142 GF- 543210

Preface

The rapid growth of electronic communication means that issues in information security are of increasing practical importance. Messages exchanged over worldwide publicly accessible computer networks must be kept confidential and protected against manipulation. Electronic business requires digital signatures that are valid in law, and secure payment protocols. Modern cryptography provides solutions to all these problems. This book originates from courses given for students in computer science at the Georg-Simon-Ohm University of Applied Sciences, Niirnberg. It is intended as a course on cryptography for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in computer science, mathematics and electrical engineering. In its first part (Chapters 1-4), it covers - at an undergraduate level- the key concepts from sym