Introduction to Li-ion Batteries
This chapter highlights the importance and principle of Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) along with a concise literature survey highlighting the research trend on the different components of LIBs namely, cathode, anode and electrolyte. The aims of the present
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Introduction to Li-ion Batteries
Abstract This chapter highlights the importance and principle of Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) along with a concise literature survey highlighting the research trend on the different components of LIBs namely, cathode, anode and electrolyte. The aims of the present study and the thesis outline are given at the end of the chapter.
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Introduction
Ever-growing population, modernization and the betterment of human lifestyle has culminated in burgeoning usage of fossil fuels like coal, petroleum and natural gas to meet the high energy demands. This has resulted in the depletion of the fossil fuel deposits coupled with alarming increase in the levels of green-house gases leading to global warming. In addition to tackling the problems of global warming, every country is looking forward to improve their energy security. Owing to these reasons, the focus of energy research has shifted from conventional fossil fuel technology to renewable energy (clean energy) technology such as solar, wind, tidal, biomass and geothermal energy. Though the energy available from these sources are enormous and sustainable, it cannot be harnessed continuously. For non-intermittent and proper utilization of these sources, we need energy storage devices such as batteries and supercapacitors. Therefore the research and development in the conversion of renewable energy and the energy storage should go hand in hand for a fruitful future. Among the various available energy storage systems, LIBs have been proved to be the best owing to their compactness, light weight, long cycle life, environment friendliness, flexibility in design and high operating voltages (*4 V) with high energy densities up to 250 Wh/kg [1]. LIBs are currently used in a variety of portable electronic devices such as mobile phones, tablets, laptops, digital cameras, etc. In addition, LIBs have been looked at attentively as the potential candidate to harness the various renewable energy for utilization in the transportation sector such as Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs), Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) [2]. In addition, low cost batteries are needed for large scale energy storage in electric grids. © Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016 A.S. Hameed, Phosphate Based Cathodes and Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite Anodes for Energy Storage Applications, Springer Theses, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-2302-6_1
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1 Introduction to Li-ion Batteries
Despite the commercial success of LIBs over the past two decades, they are still the subject of intense research. Commercial LIBs mainly use LiCoO2 as the cathode material and graphite as the anode material. The high cost, toxicity and low structural stability of LiCoO2 during lithium cycling, demands the need for alternate cathode materials. The commercial anode, graphite has many advantages like abundance, low cost, longer cycle life and environmental friendliness. However, it has low specific capacity of 372 mAh g−1. In addition, it poses safety concerns, as the Li metal deposition on th
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