Introduction to the Physics of Electrons in Solids
This textbook sets out to enable readers to understand fundamental aspects underlying quantum macroscopic phenomena in solids, primarily through the modern experimental techniques and results. The classic independent-electrons approach for describing the
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Series Editors Professor Richard Needs Cavendish Laboratory JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK E-mail: [email protected] Professor William T. Rhodes Florida Atlantic University Imaging Technology Center Department of Electrical Engineering 777 Glades Road SE, Room 456 Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA E-mail: [email protected] Professor H. Eugene Stanley Boston University Center for Polymer Studies Department of Physics 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Room 204B Boston, MA 02215, USA E-mail: [email protected]
The Ecole Polytechnique, one of France’s top academic institutions, has a longstanding tradition of producing exceptional scientific textbooks for its students. The original lecture notes, the Cours de l’Ecole Polytechnique, which were written by Cauchy and Jordan in the nineteenth century, are considered to be landmarks in the development of mathematics. The present series of textbooks is remarkable in that the texts incorporate the most recent scientific advances in courses designed to provide undergraduate students with the foundations of a scientific discipline. An outstanding level of quality is achieved in each of the seven scientific fields taught at the Ecole: pure and applied mathematics, mechanics, physics, chemistry, biology, and economics. The uniform level of excellence is the result of the unique selection of academic staff there which includes, in addition to the best research in its own renowned laboratories, a large number of world-famous scientists, appointed as part-time professors or associate professors, who work in the most advanced research centers France has in each field. Another distinctive characteristic of these courses is their overall consistency; each course makes appropriate use of relevant concepts introduced in the other textbooks. This is because each student at the Ecole Polytechnique has to acquire basic knowledge in the seven scientific fields taught there, so a substantial link between departments is necessary. The distribution of these courses used to be restricted to the 900 students at the Ecole. Some years ago we were very successful in making these courses available to a larger French-reading audience. We now build on this success by making these textbooks also available in English.
Henri Alloul
Introduction to the Physics of Electrons in Solids Translated by Stephen Lyle
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Prof. Dr. Henri Alloul Universit´e Paris-Sud XI CNRS Bˆatiment 510 Laboratoire de Physique des Solides 91405 Orsay CX France [email protected]
´ ´ Original French edition published by Edition de l’Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France, 2007
ISSN 1868-4513 e-ISSN 1868-4521 ISBN 978-3-642-13564-4 e-ISBN 978-3-642-13565-1 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-13565-1 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2010932620 c Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduc
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