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tmospheric Seismology Theory, Observations and Modeling

GNSS Atmospheric Seismology

GNSS Satellite ASTER[TERRA]

MODIS [TERRA,AQUA]

ENVISAT

Electromagnetic anomaly

Troposphere Ground station TIP anomaly Ionosonde

Radon Station

Fa

u

s lt

GNSS Recevier ca

rp

Epicenter Seismic Wave

FM tuner SeismeterCorona probe

Focus Fault plane

Shuanggen Jin R. Jin X. Liu •

•

GNSS Atmospheric Seismology Theory, Observations and Modeling

123

Shuanggen Jin Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai, China Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing, China

R. Jin Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai, China X. Liu Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai, China

ISBN 978-981-10-3176-2 ISBN 978-981-10-3178-6 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3178-6

(eBook)

© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore

Preface

The earthquake is a very complex and broad topic, which is related to various scales motions of the Earth’s surface mass and interior as well as the microscopic processes, such as the generation of electric charge and chemical reactions. Also, earthquakes often occur and result in civilian casualties and huge damages as well as secondary disasters, such as tsunami and landslide. Therefore, monitoring and understanding of earthquakes are still a major objective for many countries. The worldwide seismometers could estimate rapidly the location, the magnitude, and the focal mechanism of earthquakes, but the detailed rupture and pre-seismic anomalies are still not clear due to the lack of dense near-field ob