Introductory Lecture
Rock mechanincs as a new field of science has grown out of the practical needs of civil and mining engineers only in very recent times and the necessity for more economical (less “overdesigned”) structures in rock and aspects of safety have been the prime
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ROCK MECHANICS
EDITED BY
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L. MULLER
UNIVERSITY OF KARLSRUHE
SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN GMBH
This work is suiject to copyright All rights are reselVed, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of iIluBtrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying mac:hine or similar means, and 8tor. in data banks.
© 1972 by Springer-Verlag Wien Urspriinglich erschienen bei Springer-Verlag Wien New York 1972
ISBN 978-3-211-81301-0 ISBN 978-3-7091-4109-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-7091-4109-0
PREFACf:
Rock mechanics is one of the scientific disciplines in which progress call only be achieved by means of interdisciplinary team work. Mechanics principles play an extremely important role in the exchange of ideas and experiences amongst the fields of geology, geophysics, the science of fabrics, material science, mechanics, civil, and mining engineering. As a branch of mechanics, rock mechanics can not prosper outside the general fundamentals of the science of mechanics, on the other hand it can not be based on the presently available theories of mechanics of continua, because discontinuities are one of the major properties of the materials rock mechanics has to deal with. What is necessary is a mechanics of discontinuous materials, which at present, however, is still in the stage of development. The need for cooperation between geoscience and mechanics seems omnipresent in this regard. Therefore we feel a great satisfaction that the young and not yet entirely mature discipliue of rock mechanics has found a forum at the International Centre for Mechanical Sciences. This is the place where, out of the approach between such far apart fields as geoscience and mechanics, solutions to the major problems of the mechanics of discontinua may evolve. I am certain that all the experts in the field of rock mechanics will be grateful and like to thank the CISM for giving them an opportunity for international and interdisciplinary work and discussion. December, 1974 Leopold Miiller
FOREWORD TO THE SECOND PRINTING These lectures were held eight years ago in the then young International Centre for Mechanical Sciences (CISM) and were themselves something quite new at the time. Rock mechanics which is still today a very young science and one whose development is lagging behind the other geological sciences, was introduced to its elder and more respected sisters in the field of mechanics as a science of t~e discontinuum and as a practice-oriented theory. The urgent- need for the development of such science became apparent and was acknowledged when the disasters of Malpasset and Vajont cost so many human lives. A previous course of lectures held in 1969 had already aroused great interest. Now, eight years later, a new edition of those lectures is coming out. I have been asked if they are still topical. Well, I believe this subject to be now more topical than ever, especially because there is today a new generation of construction engineers, geologists and experts in rock mech
