Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar
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Editorial Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar Marco Martorella,1, 2 John Homer,3 James Palmer,4 Victor Chen,5 Fabrizio Berizzi,1, 2 Brad Littleton,6 and Dennis Longstaff1 1 The
school of ITEF, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Via G. Caruso 16, 56122 Pisa, Italy 3 School of Information Technology & Electrical Engineering, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia 4 Radar Modelling & Analysis Group, Electronic Warfare & Radar Division, Defence Science & Technology Organisation, P.O. Box 1500, Edinburgh 5111, UK 5 Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave., SW Washington, DC 20375, USA 6 Centre for Quantum Computer Technology, School of Physical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia 2 Department
Received 2 March 2006; Accepted 2 March 2006 Copyright © 2006 Marco Martorella et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Introduction to ISAR Inverse synthetic aperture Radar (ISAR) is a powerful signal processing technique that can provide a two-dimensional electromagnetic image of an area or target of interest. Being radar based, this imaging technique can be employed in all weather and day/night conditions. ISAR images are obtained by coherently processing the received radar echoes of transmitted pulses. Commonly, the ISAR image is characterised by high resolution along both the range and crossrange directions. High resolution in the range direction is achieved by means of large bandwidth transmitted pulses, whereas high cross-range resolution is obtained by exploiting a synthetic antenna aperture. In ISAR, the synthetic aperture is generated by motion of the target as well as possibly by motion of the radar platform. In contrast, the related imaging technique of Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has its synthetic aperture generated by means of radar platform motion only. Initially, the name ISAR was derived from SAR by simply considering a radar-target dynamic where the radar platform was fixed on the ground and the target was moving around. Today, however, it is understood that the basis of the difference between SAR and ISAR lies in the noncooperation of the ISAR target. Such a subtle difference has led in the last decades to a significant separation of the two areas. The noncooperation of the target introduces the main problem of not knowing the geometry and dynamic of the radar-target system during the coherent integration time. Such a limitation leads to the use of blind radial motion compensation
(image autofocusing) and image formation processing that must deal with highly nonstationary signals. The SAR community is very large and the areas of interest within SAR grow steadily each year. The ISAR community is much smaller, in comparison, and it is often difficult to bring together world leaders in this sector. This special issue aims to gather
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