Investigating effects of silicon nanowire and nanohole arrays on fibroblasts via AFAM
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Investigating effects of silicon nanowire and nanohole arrays on fibroblasts via AFAM Yan Liu1,2,4 · Li Li1,4 · Yang Yang3 · Liguo Tian1,4 · Xiaomin Wu1,4 · Zhankun Weng1,4 · Xudong Guo1,4 · Zecheng Lei1,4 · Kaige Qu1,4 · Jin Yan1,4 · Zuobin Wang1,4,5 Received: 16 April 2020 / Accepted: 28 May 2020 / Published online: 30 July 2020 © King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2020
Abstract Understanding the cell–substrate interactions has great significance in tissue regeneration therapies. However, the cell–substrate interactions are not well understood because the interface of cell–substrate is typically buried beneath the cells. This research investigated the subsurfaces of fibroblasts cultured on hybrid nanoarrays using atomic force acoustic microscopy (AFAM). We fabricated hybrid silicon nanowires (SiNWs) and silicon nanoholes (SiNHs) on Si substrates to serve as biomimetic nanoarrays by employing laser interference lithography and the metal-assisted chemical etching (MacEtch) method. After the L929 cells were cultured on the nanoarrays, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and AFAM were employed to investigate the surface and subsurface of L929 cells. It was suggested that fibroblasts could sense the morphology of the hybrid nanoarrays and membrane damage of fibroblasts on the hybrid nanoarrays were related to the nanostructures. This study can help guide the design of biointerfaces and provide a useful tool for the study of cell subsurfaces in diverse biological fields. Keywords Atomic force acoustic microscopy · Subsurface imaging · Silicon nanostructure · Biointerface
Introduction The use of cell–substrate interactions to regulate cell behaviors has attracted wide interest in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (Dalby et al. 2003). Studies have suggested that the nanotopography of substrates is a crucial * Li Li [email protected] * Zuobin Wang [email protected] 1
Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Cross‑Scale Micro and Nano Manufacturing, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
2
Computer Department, Changchun Medical College, Changchun 130031, China
3
School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
4
International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
5
JR3CN and IRAC, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, UK
factor for eliciting cell responses in human tissues (Biela et al. 2009; Dean et al. 2017; Liu et al. 2019). In principle, the topography of nanoscale structures can mimic the fibers in the extracellular matrix (ECM) (Kim and Kim, 2018). Nanotechnology and nanomaterials have been widely applied to develop novel environment friendly chemical mechanical polishing slurries (Zhang et al. 2019, 2020b, 2018), diamond wheels (Zhang et al. 2012a, b, 2013), and machining methods (Wang et al. 2018; Zhang et al. 2015a, b), as they have overcome the environmental pollution induced by tr
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