Investigating sea-level change on the coastal aquifer, case study: Jafakendeh aquifer
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Investigating sea‑level change on the coastal aquifer, case study: Jafakendeh aquifer Saied Jafariroodsari1 · Vahid Nourani1,2 · Hüseyin Gokçekuş1 Received: 5 September 2020 / Accepted: 3 November 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Do the sea-level changes affect the quantity and quality of groundwater on the coastal Jafakendeh aquifer? More than half of the world’s population now lives near the coastline. Surface water in the coastal basin and the island interacts with adjacent groundwater. This interaction affects the quantity and quality of water in surface and subsurface waters. In this study, the relationship between the Jafakendeh aquifer and groundwater of the Caspian Sea in northern Iran has been investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the trend, changes in surface groundwater level, and groundwater quality variables of the groundwater aquifer by the Mann–Kendall nonparametric method and detect point change by the Pettitt method. Four piezometer wells were measured, where is only one piezometer located at the artificial recharge site and piezometer one near the Caspian Sea. In the present study, the statistics were used to find a sudden change in groundwater data quantity and quality. The analysis shows that sea-level changes and wells near the sea do not affect the amount and quality of coastal aquifer and adjacent wells’ significance. Keywords Coastal aquifer · Artificial recharge · Trend detection · Jafakendeh aquifer
Introduction More than half the world’s population now lives within 80 km of shoreline. Surface water in the coastal watershed and the island interacts with adjacent underground water. This interaction affects the quantity and quality of water in surface water and below the surface. Under natural conditions, fresh groundwater is discharged to the sea or ocean from artesian and water-table coastal aquifers. Heavy pumping in coastal areas reduces or reverses the natural hydraulic gradient sloping toward the sea. At places, seawater enters * Saied Jafariroodsari [email protected] Vahid Nourani [email protected] Hüseyin Gokçekuş [email protected] 1
Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, Near East University, Mersin 10, P.O. Box: 99138, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Turkey
Center of Excellence in Hydroinformatics and Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Tabriz, P.O. Box: 51666, Tabriz, Iran
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and penetrates for considerable distances inland in aquifers. This phenomenon is called Salt-water encroachment. A coastal aquifer may become contaminated with salt-water. Assuming that freshwater and brackish are inflexible fluids of different densities, in any place, where liquids are in contact, a relationship is formed, which depends on the hydrodynamic equilibrium. Since water resources and water resources in the coastal basin necessary, groundwater and water level should be considered in creating water management policies. It should be accompanied by groundwater monitoring and top
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