Investigating the flexural strength of recycled cast glass
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SI: CHALLENGING GLASS
Investigating the flexural strength of recycled cast glass Telesilla Bristogianni · Faidra Oikonomopoulou Rong Yu · Fred A. Veer · Rob Nijsse
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Received: 26 April 2020 / Accepted: 9 September 2020 / Published online: 2 November 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Currently, tons of high quality commercial glass are down-cycled or landfilled due to contaminants that prevent close-loop recycling. Yet, this glass is potentially a valuable resource for casting robust and aesthetically unique building components. Exploring the potential of this idea, different types of non-recyclable silicate glasses are kiln-cast into 30 × 30 × 240 mm beams, at relatively low temperatures (820–1120 ◦ C). The defects occurring in the glass specimens due to cullet contamination and the high viscosity of the glass melt, are documented and correlated to the casting parameters. Then, the kiln-cast specimens and industrially manufactured reference beams are tested in four-point bending, obtaining a flexural strength range of 9–72 MPa. The results are analysed according to the role of the chemical composition, level of contamination and followed casting parameters, in determining the flexural strength, the Young’s modulus and the prevailing strength-limiting flaw. Chemical compositions of favourable performance are highlighted, so as critical flaws responsible for a dramatic decrease in strength, up to 75%. The defects situated in the glass bulk, however, are tolerated by the glass network and have minor impact on flexural strength and T. Bristogianni (B) · R. Yu · R. Nijsse Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, TU Delft, Delft, The Netherlands e-mail: [email protected] F. Oikonomopoulou · F. A. Veer Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment, TU Delft, Delft, The Netherlands
Young’s modulus. The prerequisites for good quality recycled cast glass building components are identified and an outline for future research is provided. Keywords Cast glass · Glass flexural strength · Glass defects · Recycling of glass waste · Mechanical properties of glass
1 Introduction The great potential of glass casting technology for the building industry is so far little explored by structural engineers and architects, but are gradually getting discovered after the success of all cast-glass load bearing structures such as the Crystal Houses façade in Amsterdam (Oikonomopoulou et al. 2018c). The 3D-shaping possibilities provided by casting can offer robust glass components of larger cross-sections and a wider variety of forms and colours than currently available by other glass processing methods. Parallel to the recognition of the structural and aesthetical strengths of cast glass components, questions arise regarding their environmental impact and life-cycle. The use of currently not recyclable-disposed glass as a raw source for glass casting at lower temperatures, is a promising idea that addresses both the pressing problem of glass waste, and the urgency to lower the carbon footprint of glass building components
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