Investigating Transport Properties of Low-Binder Ultrahigh-Performance Concretes: Binary and Ternary Blends of Nanosilic
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RESEARCH ARTICLE-CIVIL ENGINEERING
Investigating Transport Properties of Low‑Binder Ultrahigh‑Performance Concretes: Binary and Ternary Blends of Nanosilica, Microsilica and Cement Aseel Madallah Mohammed1 · Abdulkader Ismail Al‑Hadithi1 · Diler Sabah Asaad2 Received: 1 April 2020 / Accepted: 19 June 2020 © King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals 2020
Abstract This study examined low-binder ultrahigh-performance concrete (UHPC) when nanosilica (NS) and/or microsilica (MS) were incorporated in Portland cement (PC) in either binary or ternary blends. Two groups were created for this purpose, and they were divided based on the presence or absence of silica flume (SF). NS was used as a restricted substitute for cement by weight at five different percentages (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 3%). The total binder was 800 kg/m3, and the ratio of water to binder was 1:5. Results demonstrated that optimum resistance to chloride permeability, gas permeability, sorptivity, water absorption and water penetration came from the 3% UHPC sample. The ternary blends of NS, PC and SF yielded better results than binary PC and NS blends. A 1% NS replacement gave similar effects to the UHPC properties investigated as a 10% MS replacement. Keywords Nanosilica · Microsilica · Ultrahigh-performance concrete · Transport properties · Sorptivity · Chloride permeability · Gas permeability · Water penetration · Water absorption · Binary blends · Ternary blends · Silica fume · Portland cement
1 Introduction Interest in high-strength and ultrahigh-performance concrete (UHPC) has been growing, and research on this material has increased in the last 10 years. UHPC was first described in 1995 by Richard and Cheyrezy [1] and defined by Wille et al. [2]. The most important aspects of the UHPC mix are the use of fine aggregates (such as quartz powder) and the improvement in homogeneity by removing coarse aggregates to reduce the maximum thickness of the paste [2–7]. Concrete improved in this way has a dense microstructure, is exceptionally durable, flows well and exhibits excellent mechanical properties [8–10].
* Abdulkader Ismail Al‑Hadithi [email protected] 1
Department of Dams and Water Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Anbar, Iraq
Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Kurdistan Hewlêr, Erbil, Iraq
2
Composite cement is generally utilised in building construction. The initial generation of composite cement, i.e. two-component (binary) systems, is now substituted by ternary and quaternary systems in which the clinker content is constantly reduced, while the number of cementitious materials increases [11, 12]. Mineral admixtures have been excessively used to make concrete. Pozzolans have been used as partial replacement for Portland cement (PC) in concrete on the basis of the material properties and the concrete’s required effects. Various environmental problems related to the manufacture of cement have led to partial replacement of cement with other pozzolans
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