Investigation into the turbulence statistics of installed jets using hot-wire anemometry
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Investigation into the turbulence statistics of installed jets using hot‑wire anemometry Anderson Proença1 · Jack Lawrence1 · Rod Self1 Received: 16 May 2020 / Revised: 18 July 2020 / Accepted: 12 September 2020 / Published online: 1 October 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract This work presents a detailed study of the turbulence flow statistics of a jet mounted with its axis parallel to a rigid flat plate. Hot-wire constant temperature anemometry has been used to measure the single-point and two-point statistics of the axial velocity component at several locations within the jet flow field. Results show that the jet mean flow near the plate surface is subjected to a local acceleration and redirection due to a Coandă-type effect. The propagation of these effects downstream of the plate trailing edge is strongly dependent on the plate position. Regarding the velocity fluctuations, the mean turbulence intensity levels are seen to decrease as the radial distance between the jet and surface decreases. Analysis of the single-point power spectral density data on the shear layer close to the plate shows that the reduction in magnitude of the low-frequency content of the energy spectrum is responsible for the decrease in turbulence intensity. Additionally, the characteristic time and length scales computed from two-point measurements reduce as the plate is mounted closer to the jet centre-line. The axial eddy convection velocity is seen to increase in the region of high turbulent kinetic energy in the shear layer adjacent to the surface. Empirical models for turbulence characteristic scales and eddy convection velocity are presented. These findings suggest that both the amplitude and distribution of the jet mixing noise sources are affected when closely installed next to a surface. This paper is a continuation of a recent investigation on the turbulence statistics of isolated jets presented in Proença (Exp Fluids 60(4):63, 2019). Graphic abstract
* Anderson Proença [email protected] 1
Institute of Sound and Vibration Research (ISVR), University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
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1 Introduction Modern ultra-high-bypass ratio (UHBR) turbofans are expected to be installed in a close-coupled position underneath the wings of commercial aircraft. In these configurations, the exhausted jet will likely interact ostensibly with wing and high-lift devices. When a jet interacts with a solid boundary, both the flow field and the hydrodynamic pressure field will be somewhat modified. Two main questions, therefore, arise: (1) by how much are these two fields modified, and (2) what is the impact on aerodynamic performance and noise generation? Researchers in industry and academia have been investigating this topic to mitigate issues related to the reduction in aerodynamic efficiency and noise augmentation. Jet–surface interaction effects are present in a broad range of applications. Impinging jets have been studied extensively for short take-off and landing (
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