Investigation of numerical and optimization method in the new concept of solar panel cooling under the variable conditio
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Investigation of numerical and optimization method in the new concept of solar panel cooling under the variable condition using nanofluid Abdulrahman A. Alrobaian1 · Abdulrahman Saleh Alturki2 Received: 25 September 2019 / Accepted: 7 December 2019 © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2020
Abstract Due to the warming of the earth and the increased cost of fossil fuel extraction, solar energy is a good alternative to power generation. Increasing the efficiency of solar systems such as photovoltaic panels has always been a matter of day in the field of industry and energy. In this research, using the genetic algorithm, we tried to optimize the hybrid cooling system. Then, considering the best model, we study the effect of the nanofluid in different volume fractions. The results show that the optimization model can increase about 13% more heat transfer. Also, the results showed that the use of nanosilver dioxide increases the heat transfer to the fluid. In this study, the thermal conductivity parameter for nanofluid is also considered as variable with temperature for a more precise examination of nanofluid properties. Keywords Nanofluid · Optimization · Numerical method · Heat sink · Nusselt number
Introduction Increasing pollution and decreasing conventional energies such as fossil fuels lead to seeking alternative energy resources. Among alternative energies, solar energy is a proper choice since eco-friendly and accessible. The chemical reactions that occur inside the sun at millions of degrees of temperatures generate energy and then dissipate into space [1]. Solar energy converts into electrical energy through the photovoltaic (PV) panels [2]. The solar panel includes several solar cells in series. All solar energy that reaches the surface of the PV panel cannot be converted into power and part of the energy is wasted. Heat energy losses lead to an increasing panel temperature and poor the performance of the system. The methods of efficiency enhancement in PV panels can be divided into two general groups: (1) active and (2) passive [3]. Much research has been carried out using design parameter optimization, active, and passive methods * Abdulrahman A. Alrobaian [email protected] 1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
2
to improve the efficiency of the PV panels, which are given in the following. The tilt angle is the main parameter, which influences the performance of the PV panel. Kaddoura et al. [4] determined the optimum tilt angle of the PV panel for some cities in Saudi Arabia by using the MATLAB code. The optimum tilt angle relies on the location of the sun and the geographic coordinates. The results showed that the optimum tilt angle varied monthly and seasonally. Xu et al. [5] determined the optimum tilt angle of a PV panel by considering the effect of dust. The dust caused an increase in the optimum tilt angle. Osma-Pinto
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