Investigation of reconstructed three-dimensional active infrared thermography of buried defects: multiphysics finite ele
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Investigation of reconstructed three‑dimensional active infrared thermography of buried defects: multiphysics finite elements modelling investigation with initial experimental validation Charlie O’Mahony1 · Aladin Mani1 · Sarah Markham1 · Ehstham ul Haq1 · Christophe Silien1 · Joanna Bauer2 · Syed A. M. Tofail1 Received: 31 August 2019 / Accepted: 6 April 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2020
Abstract In this paper, we use a Multiphysics approach in COMSOL™ Platform to develop and validate a finite element model that simulates thermal images obtained in active thermography mode. This approach allows variation in material properties, the selection of active thermography methods such as Flash, Pulse Phase & Lock-in techniques, source wavelength, depth and dimensions of defect. We then take experimental thermography images of a defect embedded into a PLA block to compare with simulated images generated by the Multiphysics model. Our work shows the feasibility of real-time three-dimensional (3D) active infrared thermography (IRT) of buried defects. Such imaging can be hugely beneficial not only in quality control and process optimisation in additive manufacturing but also determination of shape and outline of tumours and plaques in medical applications. Keywords Infrared thermography · 3D infrared thermography · Active infrared thermography · Multi-angle sources reconstruction
Introduction Over the last decade, IR thermography (IRT) has established its place as a valuable technique for both metrology [1–3] and medical applications [4–8]. Infrared thermography enables the analysis of simple static thermal images (static thermography), as well as conducting active measurements. Active Dynamic Thermography (ADT) is based on analysis of the transient thermal processes that occur in the specimen under the influence of external thermal stimulus (cooling or heating). The excitation can be pulsed, periodic, or continues both, external or internal. Different excitation methods, e.g.
* Joanna Bauer [email protected] * Syed A. M. Tofail [email protected] 1
Department of Physics and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
2
optical, electromagnetic, mechanical, thermo-elastic, etc. are applied for the stimulation [9]. ADT is noninvasive, noncontact and safe method that allows rapid analysis of relatively large surfaces and subsurface located structures. It belongs to the so-called thermal nondestructive testing methods (TNDT) also known as Nondestructive Testing Thermal Imaging (NDT-TI) or more precisely Infrared Nondestructive Testing (IRNDT) which have been developing for over 30 years, mainly for industrial and medical applications. Within IRNDT, due to different types of excitation, two main methods can be distinguished. These are Pulsed Thermography and Modulated Thermography (also known as Lock-in Thermography). Pulse thermogra
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