Investigation of Structural, Optical, and Dielectric Properties of Co 0.5 Cd 0.5-x Cu x Fe 1.95 Ce 0.05 O 4 Nanoferrites
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Investigation of Structural, Optical, and Dielectric Properties of Co0.5Cd0.5-xCuxFe1.95Ce0.05O4 Nanoferrites M. Imran Arshad 1 & Aqsa Akram 1 & Khalid Hussain 1 & Umaid-ur-Rehman 1 & Khalid Mahmood 1 & Faisal Iqbal 2 & Nasir Amin 1 & Sidra Arshad 1 & Nadeem Sabir 1 & M. Ajaz-un-Nabi 1 Received: 12 April 2020 / Accepted: 19 October 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Co0.5Cd0.5-xCuxFe1.95Ce0.05O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) nanoferrites were successfully synthesized via sol-gel-assisted autocombustion method. The effects of Cu substation in the spinel matrix on structural, optical, and dielectric properties have been studied. XRD data confirms the successful synthesis of single phase cubic spinel structure. FTIR spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy further confirm the formation of single phase spinel structure. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy is used to measure the energy bandgap of the prepared samples. The energy bandgap is found in the range 1.02 to 1.96 eV and decreases when Cu concentration increases. Dielectric parameters like dielectric constant, tangent loss, and ac impedance are determined as a function of frequency of applied field and are described with the help of Koop’s theory. It is observed that all these parameters decrease with increase in frequency and become independent of frequency above 1 MHz. The dielectric properties of Cusubstituted Co-Cd spinel ferrites make these ferrites potential candidate for applications in high frequency range. Keywords Co-Cd ferrites . Raman spectroscopy . XRD . UV visible . Dielectric properties
1 Introduction Spinel nanoferrites have been studied widely in the recent years due to having applications in various technological fields such as microwave devices, magnetic heads, media for magnetic recordings, magnetic sensors, and biomedicines such as magnetic resonance imaging [1–4]. It is a known fact that these properties are highly dependent on the structural features and the distribution of metal ions among tetrahedral and octahedral sites in the spinel matrix. Among spinel ferrites, Co-Cd ferrite has attended the attraction of researchers due to its sole properties like extraordinary thermal and chemical stability, good coercivity, and moderate saturation magnetization [5]. The properties of Co-Cd ferrites depend on distribution of metal (Co, Cd, and Fe) ions at A site (tetrahedral site) and B site (octahedral site) in the spinel lattice. It has been reported that presence of trivalent ions like * M. Ajaz-un-Nabi [email protected] 1
Department of Physics, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
2
Department of Physics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Mn3+, La3+, Ce3+, and Y3+ is also an effective way to alter the properties of spinel ferrites [5–8]. Various studies have been reported for the selection of proper divalent and trivalent cations at A and B sites to tailor the structural, electrical, optical, and magnetic characteristic of spinel ferrites.
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