Investigation of substrate materials for graphene oxide absorber loaded antenna array increased ambient temperature
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Investigation of substrate materials for graphene oxide absorber loaded antenna array increased ambient temperature Surekha Rani1 · Anupma Marwaha1 · Sanjay Marwaha1 Received: 23 July 2019 / Accepted: 14 August 2020 / Published online: 27 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Integration of electromagnetic (EM) wave absorber with patch antenna array on single substrate provides a very efficient way to improve the radiation pattern of array by reducing mutual coupling effect. The placing of absorber on array assembly may however affect the radiation characteristics due to the heat generated from absorbed power. As the microwave absorber dissipates the inter-element waves in terms of heat via absorption, the ambient temperature of array increases which consequently varies the patch dimensions and dielectric properties of the substrate thus shifting the resonant frequency of array. These effects have been investigated for graphene oxide-based absorber loaded rectangular patch array designed on different substrates such as silicon, gallium arsenide, aluminium oxide and Roger RO3210. On the basis of percentage variation in return loss and effective bandwidth an optimum substrate is proposed which undergoes minimize temperature effect without deteriorating the gain and directivity of the antenna array. The results show that for Graphene oxide-based absorber with Roger RO3210 substrate having high melting temperature of 4236.85 °C, side lobe level of array is reduced from 3.737 dB to 2.551 dB with increased major lobe gain. Due to absorbed power, ambient temperature of array increased from room temperature (27 °C) to 187 °C significantly shifting the resonant frequency from 10.4 GHz to 8.9 GHz. Further the comparison results show that with aluminium oxide substrate the array exhibits minimum temperature sensitivity hence proving to be a better choice for design of microwave absorber loaded antenna array. Keywords Graphene oxide · Nanocomposites · Substrate materials · Microwave absorber · Antenna array
1 Introduction Targeted signal transmission and reception is one of the major requirements of wireless communication system [1]. Array antennas are hence so designed whereby antenna elements are arranged into certain patterns to improve antenna array gain, directivity and beamwidth to serve the above purpose [2, 3]. But with increasing array elements the number of side lobes and their levels are also increased which leads to interference with neighbouring signals. The prime factor which increases side lobe levels is mutual coupling in * Surekha Rani [email protected] Anupma Marwaha [email protected] Sanjay Marwaha [email protected] 1
Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Sangrur, India
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which wave radiates from one element of array distorts the amplitude and phase excitation of neighbouring elements and degrades array performance [4]. Various researchers have proposed different
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