Investigation of the Effect of Tungsten Substitution on Microstructure and Abrasive Wear Performance of In Situ VC-Reinf
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I.
INTRODUCTION
WITH the development of industrial processes demanding more resistant materials in terms of corrosion, oxidation, and mechanical properties, establishing economic production techniques of new materials with enhanced characteristics is crucial. For example, in situ production of iron matrix composites has received much interest worldwide during the last three decades due to the following reasons: (1) The process enables the formation of clean interfaces, i.e., free from adsorbed gases, oxides, or other detrimental surface reactions. This in turn tends to make the matrix–filler interface bond strong. (2) The process of generation of the filler phase in situ excludes the manufacture and the handling of the phase separately, thereby reducing the unit steps in the process. (3) Near-net shape final components can be produced by direct casting.[1] Therefore, this synthesis method provides a scope of producing relatively inexpensive wear-resistant composite materials via formation of hard intermetallic particle reinforcements within the solidifying steel matrix in contrast to the powder metallurgy technique.[2–6]
EMAD GALIN MOGHADDAM, Senior Researcher, NASER VARAHRAM, Associate Professor, and PARVIZ DAVAMI, Professor, are with the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran. Contact e-mails: [email protected], emad.g.moghaddam@gmail. com NEDA KARIMZADEH, Senior Researcher, is with the Department of Materials Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch, Isfahan, Iran. Manuscript submitted August 23, 2012. Article published online April 12, 2013 3826—VOLUME 44A, AUGUST 2013
The most common ceramic materials used for reinforcing of various types of steel matrices are Al2O3, ZrO2, Si3N4, Cr3C2, TiN, TiB2, TiC, B4C, WC, VC, etc.[3,7] Among them vanadium carbide (VC) has proved to be a unique choice to increase the wear resistance of martensitic steel matrices[8–13] due to its superior hardness of about 2600 to 3000 HV.[14] On the other hand, it is well known that austenite possesses higher toughness in comparison with the martensite. Therefore, from the fracture-failure point of view, a composite with austenitic matrix comprises less potential risk for engineering application than a martensitic one. Recently, in situ VCreinforced high-manganese austenitic steel matrix composite has been produced, offering a combination of good impact toughness and excellent abrasive wear resistance. It was observed that the austenitic steel with 3 pct carbon and 10 pct vanadium exhibited the highest mechanical and wear properties.[15] Similar to vanadium, tungsten is also a strong carbide-forming element.[16,17] Its maximum solubility in austenite is about three times of that of the vanadium[18] and is expected to strengthen the vulnerable austenite matrix against the abrasive particles by solution hardening and formation of very hard carbides.[19] Therefore, the current study highlights the effect of substitution of vanadium with tungsten on microstruct
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