Investigation of the Horizontal Displacement of Ground Surface Due to Longwall Mining
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Investigation of the Horizontal Displacement of Ground Surface Due to Longwall Mining Gennaro Marino . Siavash Zamiran
. Majid Talebi
Received: 16 December 2019 / Accepted: 16 May 2020 Ó Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Underground longwall mining results in both vertical and horizontal ground displacements. Although major studies have been conducted to evaluate vertical displacement component (subsidence), the overall examination of the horizontal displacement of the ground surface has been limited. In this study, investigations were conducted to evaluate the behavior of horizontal ground displacement due to longwall mining. As the magnitude and direction of horizontal ground displacement depend on the surface topography, both flat and rugged terrains were considered in the study. A correlation was developed between horizontal ground displacement and other site and displacement parameters by studying subsidence data of a mined area in the State of Wyoming as well as data collected from other underground mines in other mining regions. Based on the results, in flat grounds, the induced horizontal ground displacements are essentially perpendicular to the subsidence contours with the maximum value G. Marino S. Zamiran (&) Marino Engineering Associates, Inc., 1370 McCausland Ave., St. Louis, MO 63117, USA e-mail: [email protected] G. Marino e-mail: [email protected] M. Talebi Aterra Solutions, 300 Brookside Avenue, Building 18, Suite 160, Ambler, PA 19002, USA e-mail: [email protected]
typically between 0.20 and 0.35 of the maximum subsidence. An empirical correlation was suggested to determine the horizontal ground displacement using ground subsidence data. For rugged terrains, correlations of the measured horizontal displacements were difficult to find but appear to be related to induced slope instability. Based on these findings, these displacements are directed down slope and have a greater magnitude than the displacements determined in flat terrains. Keywords Horizontal displacement Longwall mining Flat terrain Rugged terrain Ground subsidence
1 Introduction Longwall mining methodology has been used to extract underground ore bodies such as coal below the ground. Longwall mining is based on full extraction of panel areas in the mined seam or beds. The full panel extraction leads to immediate roof failure and consequently, causes subsidence and horizontal displacement on the ground surface. Ground subsidence and horizontal displacement affect the performance of the surface structures and result in potentially significant levels of damage to the infrastructure. A precise assessment of the ground subsidence and horizontal
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Geotech Geol Eng
displacement caused by these underground mining activities is essential in order to study and estimate infrastructure behavior affected by ground movement and potentially provide mitigation solutions to reduce the likelihood of structural damage. The gr
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