Investigation of the Structure and Properties of the Fe-Ni-Co-Cu-V Multiprincipal Element Alloys
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INTRODUCTION
FOR many years, numerous experimental and theoretical studies conducted by scientists provided increase in mechanical properties using classical methods: solution hardening, quenching, aging, plastic deformation, etc. However, fundamentally new methods are needed to create a modern class of structural and functional materials. High-strength and ductile materials with high-performance characteristics can be created by using multicomponent compositions without a basic chemical element.[1,2] The main idea of creating multi-principle element alloys (MPEA) without a base component, also called high-entropy alloys (HEA) (though the entropy of solid solutions should be treated with a precaution[3]), is the maximization of entropy in the alloys of multicomponent solid solutions of equimolar or near equimolar composition.[1,2] This is different from the traditional alloys designing approach, which are usually based on one or two basic components. The unique properties of highly alloyed compositions make it possible to use them in different areas, such as tools, die molds, mechanical parts, and furnace parts that require high strength, thermal stability and, at the same time, wear
A.I. BAZLOV and A. YU. CHURYUMOV are with the National University of Science and Technology ‘MISiS’, Moscow, Russia 119049. Contact e-mail: [email protected] D.V. LOUZGUINELUZGIN is with the WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan. Manuscript submitted March 29, 2018.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
resistance and oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures.[4–6] Most of the research works so far was focused on the Fe-Ni alloys containing Co, Cr, Cu, Al, Ti, or Mn.[7–12] Refractory metals alloys of MPEA type were also successfully created[13,14] and some of those were low-density alloys.[15,16] There are also attempts to create light metal MPEAs.[17] The atomic structure of the MPEAs was studied in detail.[18] The MPEAs are found to be good as corrosion-resistant alloys in various aqueous environments.[19] However, the vast majority of alloys with several base elements contain several phases, whereas only carefully selected alloy compositions can form single-phase solid solution structures.[4,20] Arbitrary mixing of the elements from the periodic table often leads to the formation of multiphase structures, rather than a single-phase solid solution. For example, Cantor et al.[21] investigated 20and 16-component alloys with equimolar atomic ratios and several crystalline phases were found to form. They were brittle both in the form of cast ingots and melt-spun ribbons. Although it was possible to produce a single FCC-phase Co-Cr-Fe-Mn-Ni alloy, the attempts to incorporate additional elements into the solid solution (in equiatomic quantities) failed. In Reference 22, five-component alloys based on the Co-Cr-Fe-Mn-Ni system were studied by replacing one element at a time using a chemically similar element, but again all new alloys consisted of more than one phase in the cast sta
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