Investigation on Deformation Behavior of Nickel Aluminum Bronze by Neutron Diffraction and Transmission Electron Microsc
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NICKEL aluminum bronze (NAB) alloys are widely used for marine components due to their good combination of strength, fracture toughness, and corrosion resistance.[1–4] Cast NAB consists of coarse a grain, four kinds of iron- and nickel-rich intermetallic phases, and island martensite b¢ phase.[5–8] Microstructures, mechanical properties, and corrosion behaviors of as-cast NAB have already been investigated in many papers.[3,9,10] It was reported that j phases with different morphologies and chemical compositions from different heat treatments led to the changes of mechanical properties and corrosion properties.[5] The investigation of twining faults and stacking faults in deformed pure copper has reported that twining tendency is higher in material with a lower stacking fault energy in face-centered cubic (FCC) metals.[11–13] For Cu-Al alloy, increasing Al concentration reduces the stacking fault energy, also the twin thickness.[14] Strength of materials increases with increasing twin boundary density especially in polycrystalline copper.[15] Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is utilized to capture the direct deformation structures, but it is difficult to quantitatively analyze the microstructure XIAOYAN XU, Research Associate, YUTING LV, Ph.D. Candidate, and WEIJIE LU, Fellow Researcher, are with the State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Materials Science and Engineering Building D329, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China. Contact e-mail: [email protected] HONG WANG, Senior Engineer, and GUANGAI SUN, Associate Professor, are with the Key Laboratory of Neutron Physics and Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, P.R. China. Manuscript submitted August 29, 2015. Article published online February 17, 2016 METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
parameters under tensile deformation.[16] Therefore, neutron diffraction technology which has a deep penetration capability into most metallic materials and a unique volume-averaged bulk measurement ability becomes a promising method to investigate the deformation behavior of metals.[17,18] Jeong et al.[19] obtained the microstructure parameters of austenitic steel including probabilities of twin/stacking fault formations, stacking fault energy, and dislocation density by analyzing peak position, breadth, and asymmetry of peak diffraction profiles. In addition, neutron diffraction technique can also be used to detect the accumulation of internal/residual intergranular stresses on multiphase alloys due to its phase-selective feature.[20] Deformation at certain range on multiphase alloy (such as NAB) would generate significant internal stresses due to the heterogeneous mechanical properties. The inter-phase type intergranular stress between different phases and intergranular stress between various crystal orientations but in the same phase both belong to the internal stress (Type II microstrain). By employing neutron diffraction instrument,
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