Investigations on the Thermophysical Properties of the Binary Mixtures of Ethyl Laurate with Four n -Alkanols
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Investigations on the Thermophysical Properties of the Binary Mixtures of Ethyl Laurate with Four n‑Alkanols Dan Li1 · Meng Guo1 · Qian Wu1 · Menglei Li1 · Nannan Ruan1 · Lijun Gao1 Received: 2 March 2020 / Accepted: 4 August 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The density, viscosity and excess properties of biodiesel–alcohol fuel blends are investigated for research into the blending of fuels. Four n-alkanols (1-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol and 1-hexanol) as additives were mixed with ethyl laurate to form binary systems for density and viscosity measurement. Excess molar volumes and viscosity deviations of the four binary systems (1-propanol + ethyl laurate), (1-butanol + ethyl laurate), (1-pentanol + ethyl laurate), and (1-hexanol + ethyl laurate) were calculated from the experimental density and viscosity data and fitted with the Redlich–Kister equation. Grunberg–Nissan and McAllister equations were used to correlate viscosities and the correlated values from McAllister equation are in good agreement with the experimental data. The results may be useful for the research and development of biodiesel–alcohol fuel blends. Keywords Density · Viscosity · Ethyl laurate · Biodiesel · n-alkanol
1 Introduction Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for diesel engines, which is biodegradable, non-toxic, and renewable [1, 2]. Biodiesel can be obtained by transesterification of vegetable oils and can be used neat or in blends with alcohol or diesel fuels. However, the higher viscosity and molecular weight of biodiesel affect the consumption and smoke emission and the use of filters and pumps [2–4]. In order to reduce the negative influences and improve the quality of biodiesel, additives such as alcohols are used for biodiesel. Alcohols fuels can be used as a blend component to produce biodiesel–alcohol blends in various percentages because of their miscibility with biodiesel [2, 5, 6]. Adding alcohols to form biodiesel–alcohol blends can improve the basic properties and performance.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s1095 3-020-01024-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Dan Li [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, Shandong Province, China
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Journal of Solution Chemistry
The excess and transport properties for the biodiesel–alcohol blends are important for experimental and theoretical study, which will provide information about the effects of changes of composition, weak interaction between the mixed molecules and differences of size and structure of the molecules [7, 8]. In this work, ethyl laurate as a model of biodiesel has been blended with 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol or 1-hexanol at different mole ratios to form biodiesel–alcohol blends. The densities and viscosities of the four binary mixtures (1-propanol + ethyl laurate), (1-butanol + ethyl laurate), (1-pentano
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