Invited Discussion on: Development and Usability of a Virtual Reality-Based Filler Injection Training System
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EDITOR’S INVITED COMMENTARY
Invited Discussion on: Development and Usability of a Virtual Reality-Based Filler Injection Training System Jonathan Cook1 • Jason N. Pozner1,2
Received: 16 July 2020 / Accepted: 18 July 2020 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature and International Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery 2020
Level of Evidence V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266. There is perhaps no better illustration of the importance of virtual training systems than the physical distancing requirements brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the authors’ study slightly precedes this unique societal and cultural backdrop, the authors have recognized an important opportunity for improving the training process for facial filler injection. In their article, ‘‘Development and usability of a virtual reality-based filler injection training system,’’ the authors discuss their implementation of a virtual reality (VR) training platform and provide evidence of its usability [1]. We enjoyed this article and appreciate the opportunity to share our comments. The authors have done an impressive job of designing and implementing the equipment for a novel VR system that tracks the movement of a needle and syringe in three dimensions alongside a model of a human face. These physical components (and their spatial relationships to one another) are then reflected in a virtual display, which provides feedback about the calculated spatial relationship between the needle tip and a virtual model of key facial structures. Although comparatively little information is provided about the development of the physical facial model, we were impressed with the amount of thought and & Jason N. Pozner [email protected] 1
Sanctuary Plastic Surgery, 4800 N. Federal Highway, Suite c101, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
2
Department of Plastic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL, USA
detail the authors applied in creating the underlying virtual model of the facial vasculature. They have obtained highquality anatomic data from reliable sources, including cadaveric CT scans and MRI. Given the innate variability of facial vessels, the authors chose to focus on ‘‘driving plane’’ (which we understand as ‘‘vessel depth’’) instead of specific vessel location, and we agree with this approach. We also applaud the authors’ focus on usability metrics for their system as they continue to develop and implement their technology. Like many training systems that approximate a ‘‘handson’’ learning experience, the authors’ VR training platform is limited by a lack of tactile feedback during use. The authors have done a fair job of explaining this limitation, and they initially planned to implement a representation of facial subcutaneous tissue into their facial model, but ultimately abandoned this effort due to technical limit
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