Involving Resilience in Synthesizing Food Networks in Low-Income Communities
- PDF / 1,987,954 Bytes
- 19 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 37 Downloads / 190 Views
ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER
Involving Resilience in Synthesizing Food Networks in Low-Income Communities Sergio Iván Martínez-Guido 1 & Jesús Manuel Núñez-López 1 & José María Ponce-Ortega 1 Received: 17 February 2020 / Revised: 9 July 2020 / Accepted: 12 July 2020 # Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020
Abstract Global warming has produced negative effects in all life aspects around the world. Particularly, in terms of agriculture, the rainfall variability causes lower water availability, having unfavorable yield effects in all the crops. Temperature increases and rainfall reduction have resulting decreases in agricultural production and infertility. These issues, combined with the constant population growth, predict a severe food security problem for the next decades. In recent years, natural disasters are more frequent and dangerous as the result of global warming. Droughts, freezing, and flooding are the problems with the highest impact on the food supply chain, particularly in low-income communities, increasing the lack of access to food and undernourished problems, resulting in human casualties. This paper presents a response analysis of the food supply chain network in 14 municipalities of the state of Michoacán in Mexico; these municipalities are the ones with the lowest human development index values, joined to malnutrition problems. Natural disasters such as freezing, flood, and drought were considered and used to measure their impact on the food network through a mathematic optimization model, obtaining food system behavior to these difficulties. In the addressed case study, as a consequence of natural disasters, the total cost of the food network increases fifteen times to obtain a resilient system. The proposed approach is general, and this can be applied to other cases. Keywords Resilience approach . Sustainable food supply network . Undernourished communities . Water-food nexus
Introduction Hunger worldwide is an imperative problem that affects mainly developing countries. Statistics show that approximately 124 million people suffer undernourishment issues across the world (Global Hunger 2018). Some authors have indicated that poverty is the main cause of undernutrition (Smith and Haddad 2002; Beer 2013); this way, 767 million people live below international poverty standard income (US$1.90/day) according to the statistics of The World Bank (2016). Soriano and Garrido (2016) indicated that income is a relevant circumstance, but not a defining factor, and they associated undernourishment problems with the lack of public health, sanitation, and education aspects. There are diverse opinions about which is the reason of hunger based on different statistics; * José María Ponce-Ortega [email protected] 1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Francisco J. Múgica S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, 58060 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
however, considering all these estimations, the main problem is to determine if the world produces enough food to feed everyone, taking int
Data Loading...
