Ion-Exchange Formation of Magnetic Iron-Containing Glass with a Porous Structure
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n-Exchange Formation of Magnetic Iron-Containing Glass with a Porous Structure Z. G. Tyurninaa, *, N. G. Tyurninaa, S. I. Sviridova, and N. S. Vlasenkob a
Grebenshchikov Institute of Silicate Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia b St. Petersburg State University, Centre for Geo-Environmental Research and Modelling (GEOMODEL), St. Petersburg, 198504 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received April 10, 2019; revised February 2, 2020; accepted April 3, 2020
Abstract—The ion-exchange interaction of potassium iron-silicate glass with lithium nitrate melt is studied. It is established that a magnetic matrix with polymodal pore size distribution in the range of 1 nm to 10 μm is formed. No diffusion kinetics are detected in the interaction of glass with the salt melts. It is determined that the thermal history of the glass affects the composition of the phases crystallizing in it, as well as the Fe2+to-Fe3+ ratio and their coordination. According to the Mössbauer spectroscopy data in the annealed glass, Fe3+ and Fe2+ are tetrahedrally coordinated, while Fe3+ and Fe2+ are present in the octahedral coordination and Fe3O4 in the quenched glass. It is determined that the initial glass 20K2O · 12.5FeO · 12.5Fe2O3 · 55SiO2, mol %, is paramagnetic. The porous matrix of the glass (20Li2O · 12.5FeO · 12.5Fe2O3 · 55SiO2, mol %) obtained as a result of the ion-exchange treatment of the glass in the LiNO3 melt is characterized by the specific saturation magnetization of 1.8 G cm3 g–1 and the coercive force of ≈ 80 Oe at room temperature. A composition material based on the magnetic glass matrix and ferroelectric in the pore space of the glass is produced. Keywords: silicate magnetic glass, ion exchange, porous structure, magnetoelectric composites DOI: 10.1134/S1087659620040124
INTRODUCTION There is significant interest in studying the characteristics of multiferroics, materials in which two or more types of ordering, such as ferromagnetic, ferroelectric, and ferroelasticity, coexist. The coexistence of two subsystems in these materials (magnetic and electric) assume the capability of magnetization in an electric field and, vice versa, polarization in a magnetic field. This is a significant advantage in practice, because heat losses related to electric currents are avoided. Magnetoelectric materials offer wide-ranging opportunities in the field of information and powersaving technologies. Magnetic sensors, magnetic memory elements, voltage transformers, alternating current generators, and other devices can be developed based on them [1]. Use of the magnetoelectric effect in multiferroic composite structures containing a mixture of grains or layers of ferromagnetic and ferroelectric materials is considered one of the most promising directions to follow. In the past few decades, various ceramic composites consisting of piezoelectric and magnetic-oxide ceramics, as well as composite materials based on BaTiO3 nanoparticles in polymer matri-
ces, which are promising functional materials in electronics
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