Ionic liquid-immobilized hybrid nanomaterial: an efficient catalyst in the synthesis of benzimidazoles and benzothiazole
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Ionic liquid‑immobilized hybrid nanomaterial: an efficient catalyst in the synthesis of benzimidazoles and benzothiazoles via anomeric‑based oxidation Mohammad Ali Bodaghifard1,2 · Saeideh Shafi1 Received: 8 April 2020 / Accepted: 1 September 2020 © Iranian Chemical Society 2020
Abstract In this study, a novel ionic liquid immobilized on silica-coated cobalt-ferrite magnetic nanoparticles. This novel hybrid nanostructure (CoFe2O4@SiO2@PAF-IL) was characterized by various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques including Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the electron-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG). The catalytic activity of prepared nanomaterial was considered in the synthesis of the benzothiazole and benzimidazole derivatives. This method has several advantages such as good to excellent yields, short reaction times, solvent-free and environmentally-benign conditions, and simple work-up. Besides, nanocatalyst can be easily separated from the reaction mixture with the external magnetic field and reused several times without any loss of its catalytic activity. Graphic abstract
Keywords Benzimidazoles · Benzothiazoles · Heterogeneous catalysis · Hybrid nanostructure · Magnetic nanoparticles
* Mohammad Ali Bodaghifard m‑[email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Arak University, 38156‑88138 Arak, Iran
Institute of Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Arak University, 38156‑88138 Arak, Iran
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Introduction From the initial use of ionic liquids (ILs), which are made up of cationic and anionic components, they have found applications in various fields such as environmentally friendly solvents and catalysis because they have the specific features such as undetectable vapor pressure, good thermal stability,
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and high solubility [1–5]. Ionic liquids have successfully been used in various catalytic areas affording high catalytic performance [2–5]. Unfortunately, the difficulties in the recovery and unendurable viscosity of ILs have restrained their wide applications in catalytic reactions [2–5]. So, the heterogenization of ILs on appropriate porous carriers or suitable magnetic nanoparticles would be a viable and appealing approach to fabricate the efficient solid catalyst with superior activity and stability [6–9]. Furthermore, the heterogenized ILs on magnetic nanoparticles have found wonderful applications such as adsorbent for magnetic solidphase extraction (SPE) of sulfonylurea herbicides, adsorbent for magnetic dispersive SPE of Cephalosporins, and removal of anionic dye from water [10–12]. The magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) not only have high surface areas but also they can be easily separated by using an external magnetic field and do not have tedious separation procedures which resulted from the small sizes of nanoparticles and have other advantages inc
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