IPFS enabled blockchain for smart cities
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
IPFS enabled blockchain for smart cities Anupam Tiwari1
•
Usha Batra2
Received: 26 June 2020 / Accepted: 9 November 2020 Bharati Vidyapeeth’s Institute of Computer Applications and Management 2020
Abstract Blockchain has emerged as one of the finest and promising technologies in the last decade. Bitcoin started the journey in 2008 and soon blockchain technology paved the way much beyond cryptocurrencies in form of smart contracts deployment, permissioned blockchains, hyperledger, ethereum and the list is endless, so to say with a multitude of variants evolving across. This expansion of the implementations has been across domains, hitherto unthought-of. One such domain with definite connects in future are the evolving smart cities across the countries. Smart city concept pullulates to step-up functional efficiency, share information with the users and better the citizen welfare enabled by information and communication technologies (ICT). The rapidly evolving growth of the smart cities thus has thrown multiple challenges to the widely used traditional way of ensuring seamless, secure, robust exchange of information between devices and entities in the smart city ecosystem. This paper builds upon the concepts of blockchain, smart cities, and InterPlanetary File System and further explores possibilities of realizing blockchain enabled smart cities on InterPlanetary File System architecture concluded by challenges ahead. The proposed architecture is simulated with results in a limited environment.
& Anupam Tiwari [email protected] Usha Batra [email protected] 1
Department of CSE and IT, G D Goenka Education City, G D Goenka University, Sohna Gurgaon Road, Sohna, Haryana, India
2
Department of CSE and IT, G D Goenka University, Gurgaon, India
Keywords Blockchain Smart contracts Ethereum Smart cities Internet of things (IoT)
1 Introduction Blockchain, a term which has seemingly associated with almost all major domains that exist today in the world, is just a decade old promising technology. The technology which started as a backend technology to the technically sound Bitcoin cryptocurrency, today has ventured into supply chain, healthcare industry, education domain, logistics, corporate houses, inventory management, Internet of things etc. to mention a few. The key features which come inbuilt to blockchain majorly include the following and form the reason that all domains contend to associate with: • • • • •
Security Decentralization Immutability Transparency Consensus
These features have evolved further over the decade and concepts such as smart contracts on blockchain have been introduced. 1.1 Smart cities With the expansion and penetration of IoT [1] across, the concept of smart cities [2] is slowly evolving to realization. Worldwide huge investments are in place across countries and cities for implementation of the same. Various architectures have come up for the smart cities on how these ground realizations will lead to better lives, safety and
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