Is salt intake reduction a universal intervention for both normotensive and hypertensive people: a case from Iran STEPS
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ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION
Is salt intake reduction a universal intervention for both normotensive and hypertensive people: a case from Iran STEPS survey 2016 Ali Gholami1,2,3 · Shahabeddin Rezaei4,5 · Leila Moosavi Jahromi6 · Hamid Reza Baradaran3,7 · Ali Ghanbari4,8 · Shirin Djalalinia4,9 · Nazila Rezaei4 · Shohreh Naderimagham4 · Mitra Modirian4 · Negar Mahmoudi4 · Zohreh Mahmoudi4,10 · Mohammad Javad Hajipour4,11 · Ahmad kousha12 · Siamak Mirab Samiee13 · Farshad Farzadfar4,10 Received: 7 March 2019 / Accepted: 20 November 2019 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Purpose There is a direct association between salt intake and blood pressure (BP), one of the main risk factors for CVDs. However, yet there has been a debate that how strong is this association in people with and without hypertension. This study was conducted to evaluate the magnitude of the association between salt intake and BP in hypertensive and normotensive population among a nationally representative population. Methods The study was conducted on a nationally representative sample of 18,635 Iranian adults aged 25 years and older who participated in the STEPS survey 2016 and provided urine sample. Salt intake was estimated through spot urine sample and Tanaka equation. Multiple linear regression model in survey data analysis was used to assess the independent effect of salt intake on BP. Results After adjusting for covariates, there was a significant association between salt intake and SBP in hypertensive (p
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