Is there a role for epithelial-mesenchymal transition in adrenocortical tumors?
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Is there a role for epithelial-mesenchymal transition in adrenocortical tumors? Daniel Bulzico 1,2 Paulo Antônio Silvestre de Faria3 Camila Bravo Maia3 Marcela Pessoa de Paula2 Davi Coe Torres4 Gerson Moura Ferreira5 Bruno Ricardo Barreto Pires5 Rocio Hassan4 Eliana Abdelhay5 Mario Vaisman6 Leonardo Vieira Neto2,6 ●
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Received: 26 April 2017 / Accepted: 24 August 2017 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2017
Abstract Purpose Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a biological dynamic process by which epithelial cells lose their epithelial phenotype and acquire mesenchymal invasive and migratory characteristics. This has been postulated as an essential step during cancer progression and metastasis. Although this is well described in other tumors, the role of EMT in adrenocortical tumors (ACT) has yet to be addressed. Methods The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of EMT markers e-cadherin, vimentin, and fibronectin, along with EMT-transcription factors (EMTTFs), TWIST1, SIP1, and SNAIL in 24 adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), 19 adrenocortical adenomas (ACA), 27
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-017-1409-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Daniel Bulzico [email protected] 1
Endocrine Oncology Unit Brazilian National Cancer Institute— INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Endocrinology Section Federal Hospital of Lagoa, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Division of Pathology Brazilian National Cancer Institute— INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Laboratory of Oncovirology, Center for Bone Marrow Transplants Brazilian National Cancer Institute—INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Stem cell Laboratory, Center for Bone Marrow Transplants Brazilian National Cancer Institute—INCA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology Section, Medical School and Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
childhood-onset adrenocortical tumors (CAT), and 12 normal adrenal glands. The association of EMT and EMT-TFs with clinical outcomes and pathology features were also evaluated. Results Cytoplasmic vimentin expression was increased among CAT samples when compared to ACC, ACA, and normal adrenal samples (p < 0.001). There was no difference in e-cadherin and fibronectin expression observed between groups. Nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of TWIST1 and SIP1 was stronger in CAT and ACC vs. ACA and normal tissue samples (all, p < 0.05). ACT, regardless of classification, exhibited increased SNAIL expression when compared to normal tissue (p < 0.05). A significant correlation was observed between vimentin and TWIST1 (rs = 0.44, p < 0.001); SIP1 (rs = 0.51, p < 0.001); and SNAIL (rs = 0.23, p < 0.05). TWIST1 and SIP1 expressions demonstrated a significant correlation (rs = 0.56, p < 0.001). High SIP1 expression was associated with a lower survival rate among ACC cases (p < 0.05). Conclusions Vi
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