Isolation, heterologous expression, and purification of a novel antifungal protein from Bacillus subtilis strain Z-14
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Microbial Cell Factories Open Access
RESEARCH
Isolation, heterologous expression, and purification of a novel antifungal protein from Bacillus subtilis strain Z‑14 Xuechao Zhang†, Xiaojun Guo†, Cuihong Wu, Chengcui Li, Dongdong Zhang* and Baocheng Zhu*
Abstract Background: Wheat sheath blight, a soil borne fungal disease caused by Rhizoctonia cerealis, is considered as one of the most serious threats to wheat worldwide. Bacillus subtilis Z-14 was isolated from soil sampled from a wheat rhizosphere and was confirmed to have strong antifungal activity against R. cerealis. Results: An antifungal protein, termed F2, was isolated from the culture supernatant of Z-14 strain using precipitation with ammonium sulfate, anion exchange chromatography, and reverse phase chromatography. Purified F2 had a molecular mass of approximately 8 kDa, as assessed using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Edman degradation was used to determine the amino acid sequence of the N-terminus, which was NH2ASGGTVGIYGANMRS. This sequence is identical to a hypothetical protein RBAM_004680 (YP_001420098.1) synthesized by B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42. The recombinant F2 protein (rF2) was heterologously expressed in the yeast host Pichia pastoris, purified using a Niaffinity column, and demonstrated significant antifungal activity against R. cerealis. The purified rF2 demonstrated broad spectrum antifungal activity against different varieties of fungi such as Fusarium oxysporum, Verticillium dahliae, Bipolaris papendorfii, and Fusarium proliferatum. rF2 was thermostable, retaining 91.5% of its activity when incubated for 30 min at 100 °C. Meanwhile, rF2 maintained its activity under treatment by proteinase K and trypsin and over a wide pH range from 5 to 10. Conclusions: A novel antifungal protein, F2, was purified from biocontrol Bacillus subtilis Z-14 strain fermentation supernatant and heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris to verify its antifungal activity against R. cerealis and the validity of the gene encoding F2. Considering its significant antifungal activity and stable characteristics, protein F2 presents an alternative compound to resist fungal infections caused by R. cerealis. Keywords: Bacillus subtilis, Antifungal protein, Purification, Heterologous expression, Rhizoctonia cerealis, Biological control Background Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) sheath blight, a severe production constraint inducing heavy crop losses in epidemic regions, is found in almost all temperate wheat growing areas in the world and is a soil borne
*Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] † Xuechao Zhang and Xiaojun Guo contributed equally to this work College of Life Science, Hebei Agricultural University, 289 Lingyusi Road, 071001 Baoding, PR China
fungal disease caused by Rhizoctonia cerealis [1]. With the reform of planting systems, the popularization of high-yield varieties, and increases in water, fertilizer and density, the harm caused by wheat sheath blight has been become increasingly serious [2]. Hosts lack
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