Isolation of Zinc, Copper, and Nickel from Glutamate Media by Solvent Extraction
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Isolation of Zinc, Copper, and Nickel from Glutamate Media by Solvent Extraction Erik Prasetyo1 · Corby Anderson2 Received: 19 June 2020 / Accepted: 29 September 2020 © The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society 2020
Abstract Solvent extraction scheme to isolate Zn, Cu, and Ni from glutamate media as hypothetical product of electric arc furnace dust alkaline leaching was developed, with concentrations being 17.6, 0.35, and 0.14 g/L, respectively. Three extractants were investigated: Cyanex 272, DEHPA, and Acorga M5640 selectively separated Zn, Ni, and Cu from each other. Aside from pH, parameters investigated included O/A ratio, extractant concentration in kerosene as diluent, and sulfuric acid concentration as stripping agent. pH was the most critical factor in determining the separation factor among three metals since pH controlled metal speciation in pregnant leach solution and regulated the interaction between metal ions and extractant. Based on previous studies, a flowsheet for Zn, Cu, and Ni isolation is proposed, which obeys the following sequence: Zn separated from Cu and Ni by Cyanex 272 (in pregnant leach solution at pH 8, log separation factor Zn–Cu 4.78, Zn–Ni 2.51), followed by Ni separation from Cu by DEHPA (in raffinate at pH 7, log separation factor Ni–Cu 3.92), and finally Cu extraction (in raffinate at pH 4, log distribution coefficient 3.19). Sulfuric acid was proved to be a suitable stripping agent with optimum concentrations of Zn, Ni, and Cu being 0.5, 0.25, and 2 M, respectively. Graphical Abstract
Keywords Solvent extraction · Zinc · Copper · Nickel · Glutamate · Glutamic acid The contributing editor for this article was Brajendra Mishra. * Erik Prasetyo [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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Introduction Increasing demand for base metals, i.e., Zn, Cu, and Ni encourages the exploration of new resources, which include electric arc furnace (EAF) dust. As a waste [1], EAF dust is generated by steel processing and also classified as hazardous. The amount of EAF dust produced is substantial (12 million tonnes per annum), when the content of base metals especially Zn is significant (reaching 60% weight). Although Cu and Ni exist at lower percentage in EAF dust (0.9% and 0.5%, respectively) compared to conventional ores, e.g., nickel laterite (1.5% Ni), mineralogical phases of the dust are relatively less complex, rendering more simple treatment in processing. Since Cu and Ni were generally co-recovered with Zn during hydrometallurgical process (leaching), a further separation step is required to isolate each element. Separation techniques including ion exchange, precipitation, and solvent extraction have been proposed. Among these, solvent extraction (SX) is advantageous over the other methods considering the typical metal concentration in pregnant leach solution (PLS), selectivity, and moderate chemical consumption in the operation (recyclable). A literature review on SX process for Zn, Cu, an
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