Isoscapes Understanding movement, pattern, and process on Earth thro
Stable isotope ratio variation in natural systems reflects the dynamics of Earth systems processes and imparts isotope labels to Earth materials. Carbon isotope ratios of atmospheric CO2 record exchange of carbon between the biosphere and the atmosphere;
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Isoscapes Understanding movement, pattern, and process on Earth through isotope mapping
AB 3
Isoscapes
Jason B. West Gabriel J. Bowen Todd E. Dawson Kevin P. Tu ●
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Editors
Isoscapes Understanding Movement, Pattern, and Process on Earth Through Isotope Mapping
Editors Jason B. West Department of Ecosystem Science and Management Texas AgriLife Research Texas A&M University System Uvalde, TX USA [email protected] Todd E. Dawson Department of Integrative Biology Center for Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry University of California Berkeley, CA USA [email protected]
Gabriel J. Bowen Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Purdue Climate Change Research Center Purdue University West Lafayette, IN USA [email protected] Kevin P. Tu Department of Integrative Biology University of California Berkeley, CA USA [email protected]
ISBN 978-90-481-3353-6 e-ISBN 978-90-481-3354-3 DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-3354-3 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009934502 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Cover illustration: Top right: A monarch butterfly. Top center: A Boreal landscape in northeastern Alberta, Canada. Oxbow lakes surrounding the Winifred River channel situated 4 km east of the Christina River confluence, looking north. Photo provided courtesy of Alberta Research Council (photo taken 13 September 2007). Bottom center: A leaf water isoscape provided courtesy of Jason West (see Chapter 8, this volume). Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
Context and Background for the Topic and Book Since the discovery of isotopes and the development of precise instrumentation capable of measuring small differences in isotope abundances, there has been an interest in quantifying and understanding the spatio-temporal distributions of isotope ratio variation in natural systems. The wealth of information about spatiallydistributed Earth system processes potentially available in these records drives this interest and includes insights to such processes as the origins and mixing of meteoric, surface and ground water, human movement, carbon cycling between vegetation and the atmosphere, and tracking of atmospheric pollution (Friedman 1953; Clayton et al. 1966; Zimmermann and Cegla 1973; Adar and Neuman 1988; Martinelli et al. 1991; Rozanski et al. 1991; Farquhar et al. 1993). The recent and continuing development of analytical tools for isotope analysis, in particular continuous-flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry (CF-IRMS) methods, as well as other newer approaches such as laser spectroscopy (e.g.,
