Japan: Gender Studies in Transnational Perspective
This article outlines the theoretical and institutional development of women’s history, women’s studies and gender studies since the beginning of the twentieth century in Japan. It places gender and sexuality studies within the Asian and global context, a
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Contents 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Historical Developments: From Women’s History to Gender Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Gender Studies in the Asian Context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Abstract
This article outlines the theoretical and institutional development of women’s history, women’s studies and gender studies since the beginning of the twentieth century in Japan. It places gender and sexuality studies within the Asian and global context, and introduces ethnic and other minority scholars and activists in Japan who are increasingly deconstructing Japanese ethno-national bias in scholarship and politics. Keywords
Japan · Asia · women’s movements · women’s history · gender studies · queer studies
A. Germer (*) Institut für modernes Japan, Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Deutschland E-Mail: [email protected] R. Ogawa Chiba University, Chiba, Japan E-Mail: [email protected] # Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2019 B. Kortendiek et al. (Hrsg.), Handbuch Interdisziplinäre Geschlechterforschung, Geschlecht und Gesellschaft, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-12496-0_148
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A. Germer und R. Ogawa
Introduction
Japan’s modern history since the mid-nineteenth century has been marked by a radical re-orientation from a Sino-centric historical and intellectual heritage – with its limited and tightly controlled influx of Western knowledge – toward socioeconomic, cultural and political institutions of the West. This shift entailed the creation of a new state machinery, along with rapid industrialization and the implementation of ideologies regarding modern nationhood that included colonial mechanisms vis-à-vis other Asian countries. All of these concurrent and interdependent processes were entrenched with and supported by new gender ideologies on social, cultural and political levels. These gendered trajectories were to shape the cultural and social imaginary of the centuries that followed, beginning with the political history of oligarchic authoritarianism up to the First World War, which was followed by liberal parliamentary developments in the late 1910s and 1920s, increasing militarization and fascism in the 1930s and 1940s, and democratization after 1945. The cultural imaginary of a Japan that is ‘different’ from the West and ‘superior’ to the rest of Asia developed during the mid-nineteenth century, and remains an underlying and incessantl
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