Job Analyses
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Job Analyses ▶ Job Related to Health
Job Characteristics ▶ Job Demands
Job Classification Karen Jacobs1, Miranda Hellman2, Jacqueline Markowitz2 and Ellen Wuest2 1 Occupational Therapy, College of Health and Rehabilitation Science, Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA 2 Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
Synonyms Employment; Job evaluation; National occupational classification; National statistics socioeconomic classification; Occupation; Occupational classification; United States Department of Labor
Definition Job classification is the defining or categorization of types of employment either by function or activity.
Job classification is useful to combine jobs for test validation, wage and salary administration, and for the development of performance appraisal instruments (Sackett, Cornelius, & Carron, 1981). Job classification is also critical for structuring personnel selection, training, and career development (Pearlman, 1980). Successful job classification can also be useful for client-oriented applications, allowing people to be matched to job vacancies that fit their skill set (International Labor Organization, 2010). The specificity of the classification is important depending on the type of work. A general level of classification is sufficient for distinctly different jobs, but more specific classifications are necessary to distinguish jobs within occupational groups, such as management jobs or clerical jobs (Schippmann, Prien, & Hughes, 1991). When a job is classified, it should be consistent and should match all other jobs assigned to that class, it should be clear and each job should only fall under one assignment, and the classifications should be interpretable (Hartman, Mumford, & Mueller, 1992).
Description International Classification of Jobs Job classification is a process that occurs internationally, with similarities and differences between countries. The United States Department of Labor has classified all workers into one of 840 occupations. These occupations are grouped together based on similar job duties, skills, education, and training (US Department
M.D. Gellman & J.R. Turner (eds.), Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9, # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
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of Labor, 2010). Canada utilizes similar ways to classify jobs, and created the National Occupational Classification (NOC) that gives statisticians, labor market analysts, career counselors, employers, and individual job seekers a way to understand the nature of that job and collect appropriate data (Human Resources and Skills Development Canada, 2009). The NOC is organized in such a manner that each occupation is assigned a four digit number that provides information about the job; for example, 3113 is for dentists, and the “31” symbolizes that it is a health field requiring a university-level education (Human Resources and Skills Development Canada, 2009). The United Kingdom uses the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC), which has three volumes. The first volume outlines the bac
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