Job Market Perceptions of African Migrant Women in South Africa as an Initial and Long-Term Coping and Adaptation Mechan
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Job Market Perceptions of African Migrant Women in South Africa as an Initial and Long-Term Coping and Adaptation Mechanism A. Ncube 1
& Yonas
T. Bahta 2
& A.
J. Jordaan 1
# Springer Nature B.V. 2019
Abstract This article assessed job market perceptions of African migrant women in South Africa as an initial and long-term coping and adaptation mechanism using a survey data, Kendall’s coefficient of concordance and Pearson’s chi-square. A questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic, socio-economic characteristics and socioeconomic coping and adaptation mechanisms. Family, entrepreneurial, employment and humanitarian support was identified as coping mechanisms using the Sustainable Livelihood Framework. The results found that migrant women perceived the job market as conducive to employment. Strict labour polices in South Africa, however, forced migrant women to create jobs and to take any available job by deskilling their qualifications. The demographics, socio-economic characteristics and initial and longterm survival mechanisms played significant roles in the coping and adaptation mechanisms. The study recommends that the government clarify policies on business ownership of migrants in order to avoid conflicts. This could be done by providing more opportunities through good and relevant education systems and proactively learning from other countries who have managed to create valuable human capital bases. Keywords Job perception . Initial and long-term coping and adaptation mechanisms .
Sustainable livelihood framework
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12134-01900704-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
* Yonas T. Bahta [email protected]; [email protected] A. Ncube [email protected] A. J. Jordaan [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
Ncube A. et al.
Introduction The progression and variety of international migration streams clearly reveal that migration can no longer be separated from conventional population and development policy agendas (Hugo 2005; Andersson 2016). Globally, migrants are now part of modern-day societies. Together with globalisation, migration is shaping the pace of modern-day developmental issues. The movements of people across continental, regional and national boundaries are daily occurrences (Awumbila et al. 2014; Flahaux and De Haas 2016). Brown (2008) and the IOM (2018) predicted a tenfold increase in the current number of internally displaced persons and international refugees and migrants by 2050. Besides poverty and lack of employment, Awumbila (2017) states one of the main reasons for migration is the processes of development and social transformation occurring within continents. These social processes and transformations of development have increased peoples’ capabilities and aspirations to migrate. As posited by Scheffran et al. (2012), migration is a survival tool that controls overpopulation, lessens pressure on sc
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