Joint uplink and downlink power allocation for maximizing the energy efficiency in ultra-dense networks
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Joint uplink and downlink power allocation for maximizing the energy efficiency in ultra-dense networks Usama Mir1
Received: 3 April 2020 / Accepted: 17 August 2020 Bharati Vidyapeeth’s Institute of Computer Applications and Management 2020
Abstract Ultra-dense network (UDN) is a promising solution to meet the huge data requirements of future 5G wireless communication systems. With many irregularly deployed small cell base stations (SBSs), it is very difficult to accurately measure network energy efficiency (EE) in UDN. Considering the necessity of saving energy in modern-day networks, in this paper, I present the EE evaluation of UDN based on the random spatial network model. In this considered system, the SBSs and the macro cell users (MUEs) are modeled as a homogeneous Poisson point process (PPP). Unlike the existing literature, I derive the simple closed-form expressions for the successful transmission probabilities of MUEs and small cells by Laplace transformation. Then, based on the obtained successful transmission probabilities, I derive the closed form expression for EE of the small cells in both uplink and downlink under some practical constraints. Further, to obtain the optimal SBS density in UDN, I propose a joint uplink and downlink power allocation (JUDPA) algorithm. The JUDPA algorithm obtains the maximum EE in small cells by iteratively optimizing the uplink and downlink powers. Our theoretical analysis and simulated results demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed model with better power allocation and less complexity than conventional solutions. Keywords Ultra dense network Small cells Average sum rate Stochastic geometry Convex optimization
& Usama Mir [email protected] 1
IEEE Saudi Electronic University (SEU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
1 Introduction Future 5G systems are expected to connect billions of devices which may result in higher traffic demands [1]. Ultra-dense network (UDN) has been proposed to effectively alleviate the traffic demands by densely deploying a large number of small cells in macro cells [2]. The responsibility of each macro cell base station (MBS) is to control the devices handovers within the small cells [3]. This simplifies the architecture of an SBS which only deals with each device’s data transmission [4]. Moreover, according to [5], UDN can operate in both single and multiple gateway modes making it flexible for modern day communications. As stated above, one motivation to deploy UDN is to improve network capacity thereby increasing the BS density. However, recent literature has shown that this improvement comes with an additional overhead of higher energy consumption [6]. According to some recent reports such as the one presented in [7], the energy consumed by these small cell BSs (SBSs) may reach up to 50% compared to an early value of 5–10% because of dense deployment. Moreover, due to the frequency reuse of cellular networks, extra interference is introduced which may degrade the communication quality. Therefore, in order to find an equ
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