K -shell X-ray intensity ratios and vacancy transfer probabilities of Pt, Au, and Pb by a simple method
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KShell XRay Intensity Ratios and Vacancy Transfer Probabilities of Pt, Au, and Pb by a Simple Method1 L. F. M. Ananda, S. B. Gudennavara*, S. G. Bubblya, and B. R. Kerurb a b
Department of Physics, Christ University, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560029 India Department of Physics, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga, Karnataka, 585106 India *email: [email protected] Received January 8, 2014
Abstract—The Kshell Xray intensity ratios, radiative and total vacancy transfer probablities of platinum, gold, and lead are measured by employing the 2πgeometrical configuration and a weak gamma source, a simple method proposed previously by our group. The targets of Pt, Au, and Pb were excited using γrays of weighted energy 123.6 keV from a weak 57Co source and the emitted Kshell Xrays were detected using an HPGe Xray detector spectrometer coupled to a 16k multichannel analyzer. The measured values of these parameters are compared with the theoretical values and experimental data of other researchers, finding a good agreement. Thus, the 2πgeometrical configuration method with a weak gamma source can be alterna tive simple method to measure various atomic parameters in the field of Xray spectroscopy. DOI: 10.1134/S1063776114090076 1
1. INTRODUCTION The accurate values of Kshell Xray intensity ratios, radiative and total vacancy transfer probablities of ele ments are essential in the fields of atomic, molecular, and nuclear physics, and material science [1–5]. These Xray fluorescence parameters are also important in studies of the electron capture process, internal conver sion electron process, photoelectric effect, and radiative and nonradiative probabilities [6⎯10]. Over the years, several researchers have measured Kshell Xrayinten sity ratios and vacancy transfer probabilities using vari ous methods and detectors [11–14]. However, these methods involve complicated single and double reflec tion geometries, which require strong gamma sources of the order of 109 Bq or more. In this paper, we measure these parameters for platinum, gold, and lead using a simple method proposed previously by our group [15– 19], which adopts a 2πgeometrical configuration and weak gamma sources. 2. THEORY The total vacancy transfer probability from the K shell to Li shells of an atom is the sum of radiative vacancy transfer probability η KLi (R) and the nonradi ative vacancy transfer probability η KLi (A): (1) η KL = η KLi ( R ) + η KLi ( A ). The K–Li radiative vacancy transfer probability is given by I ( KL ) (2) η KLi ( R ) = ω K i, IK ( R ) 1 The article is published in the original.
where I(KLi) is the K–Li Xray intensity, IK(R) is the total intensity of Kshell Xrays, and ωK is the Kshell Xray fluorescence yield. Because the KtoL1 radia tive transition is forbidden, we have only K–L2 and K⎯L3 transitions and the corresponding radiative vacancy transfer probabilities [1] are given by –1
I ( Kα ) ⎧ I ( Kα ) I ( Kβ ) ⎫ η KL2 ( R ) = ω K 2 ⎨ 1 +
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