Kinetic Modeling of Nonmetallic Inclusions Behavior in Molten Steel: A Review
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Kinetic Modeling of Nonmetallic Inclusions Behavior in Molten Steel: A Review JOO HYUN PARK and LIFENG ZHANG The kinetic modeling for the nucleation, size growth, and compositional evolution of nonmetallic inclusions in steel was extensively reviewed in the present article. The nucleation and initial growth of inclusion in molten steel during deoxidation as well as the collision growth, motion, removal, and entrapment of inclusions in the molten steel in continuous casting (CC) tundish and strand were discussed. Moreover, the recent studies on the prediction of inclusion composition in CC semiproducts were introduced. Since the 1990s, the development of thermodynamic model and relevant databases for inclusion engineering has been initiated by the steel industry. Later, the commercial software FACTSAGE employing the FACT database was widely used to predict the gas (atmosphere/bubble)–liquid (steel/slag/inclusion)–solid (refractory/slag/steel/inclusion) multiphase equilibria. With the help of the comprehensive thermodynamic database and solution models in conjunction with the development of user-friendly computing packages, the kinetics of inclusion evolution in molten steel can be successfully predicted based on several kinetic models such as the coupled reaction (CR) model, reaction zone model, and tank series recirculation (TSR) model. However, some parameters are needed to represent the real processes according to the model employed at different operational or experimental conditions. The effect of reoxidation on the evolution of inclusions in the ladle and tundish, which was experimentally confirmed, can be simulated by the effective equilibrium reaction zone (EERZ) model. The complex slag–steel interfacial reaction phenomena have been successfully explained by the interfacial kinetic model based on the dynamic interfacial tension and oxygen adsorption/desorption characteristics at the slag-steel interface. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-020-01954-1 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International 2020
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INTRODUCTION
HIGH-QUALITY steels require an optimized control of nonmetallic inclusions that are the inevitable product of the carbon-based ironmaking and steelmaking process and the complicated composition of steels. As long as carbon materials are used as the reducer to replace the oxygen from the iron mineral ores, carbon enters the hot metal and oxygen gas has to be injected into the hot metal to react away the excess carbon, from
JOO HYUN PARK is with the Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea and also with the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 100 44, Sweden. Contact e-mail: [email protected] LIFENG ZHANG is with the State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, 438 West Hebei Avenue, Qinhuangdao 066004, P.R. China. Contact e-mail: [email protected] Manuscript submitted March 23, 2020.
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