Kinetic Study on Alloying Element Transfer During an Electroslag Remelting Process
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ELECTROSLAG remelting (ESR) has been widely employed in the production of special steels because of its specific advantages, such as removal of non-metallic inclusions, effective slag refining and excellent solidification structure of final products.[1] However, investigating the mechanism of the slag-metal reaction and controlling each element in the ingot during the ESR process are insufficient for the kinetics. Therefore, to better control the alloying element in steel, it is important to have a good understanding of the slag-metal reaction during the ESR process.
DONG HOU, DE-YONG WANG, TIAN-PENG QU, JUN TIAN and HUI-HUA WANG are with the School of Iron and Steel, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, P.R. China. Contact emails: [email protected]; [email protected] Manuscript submitted January 3, 2019.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B
Some studies on the control of alloying elements in ingots during the ESR process from the view of kinetics have been reported.[2–17] Mitchell[2,3] established a mass transfer model of the reaction [Mn] + (FeO) = (MnO) + [Fe] during the ESR process and explained the chemical refining phenomenon in the ESR process. Schwerdtfeger and Wei[4,5] investigated the kinetics mechanism of electroslag remelting stainless steel and pointed out that the slag composition played an important role in controlling the alloying element content. Duan[6] investigated the oxidation behavior of Ti and Al in the Inconel 718 superalloy during electroslag remelting focusing on the kinetics. Wang[7] established a new coupled computational fluid dynamic (CFD) to describe the desulfurization behavior in the ESR process. However, the effect of slag temperature on the slag-metal multiphase reaction containing desulfurization during the ESR process has been ignored. The mass transfer phenomenon during the ESR process has not been investigated systematically and integrally till now.
Here we thoroughly investigated the effect of slag on desulfurization and the alloying element mass transfer phenomenon during the ESR process through experimental study and theoretical calculations. Experiments of electroslag remelting were carried out with two different kinds of slags using a 50-kg ESR furnace. A new mass transfer model has been developed to reveal the distributions of sulfur and alloying elements along the height of the ingot. The present work is expected to predict and control the alloying elements in the ingot. In addition, with improvement of the dynamic parameters during the ESR process in the present work, the slag-metal-inclusion reaction model can be investigated based on this model in the future. JM kM kMO kH M w½M w½M wo½M Dw½M wðMOn Þ wðMOn Þ woðMOn Þ DwðMOn Þ a½M aðFeOÞ aðMOn Þ NMOn XMOn f½M cMOn eji
Mass transfer flux of element Mass transfer coefficient of M in metal Mass transfer coefficients of MOn in slag Comprehensive mass transfer coefficient Average mass fraction of element M in metal Mass fraction of element M at interface Initial mass fraction of element M in me
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