Knowledge-Based Design in Industrialised House Building: A Case-Study for Prefabricated Timber Walls
This chapter illustrates how the adoption of a knowledge-based engineering approach may provide a powerful tool for the industrialised house building sector to manage the complex and multidisciplinary nature of design, fabrication and installation. The re
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Abstract This chapter illustrates how the adoption of a knowledge-based engineering approach may provide a powerful tool for the industrialised house building sector to manage the complex and multidisciplinary nature of design, fabrication and installation. The research focuses on timber technologies and prefabricated timber components, which are frequently selected in preference to other industrialised building systems because of the advantages they offer in terms of weight, workability and sustainability strategies. A knowledge-based engineering methodology is explored for the design of prefabricated timber-framed external walls, encoding both “explicit” and “tacit” knowledge into a digital three-dimensional model. Results demonstrate how such an approach could significantly change common design practices by shifting the major phase of design effort to earlier stages in the project cycle, thereby minimising re-work, reducing data fragmentation and potentially removing the need for drawings. A key finding of this paper is that model interoperability, maintenance and reuse becomes unlikely if an agreed methodology, including a description logic, is not adopted. Despite the need for a rigorous approach, the ability to capture, manage and reuse design knowledge could be of significant benefit to emerging industrialised house building ventures. Keywords Prefabrication · Timber-framed walls · Digital-twin Generative design · BIM · KBE
1 Introduction The architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry is facing many substantial challenges, not least the call to become a more sustainable and more productive sector. Moreover, the AEC sector has historically evolved at a slow pace as it is profoundly risk-averse (Aitchison et al. 2018). G. Day (B) · E. Gasparri · M. Aitchison The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 F. Bianconi and M. Filippucci (eds.), Digital Wood Design, Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering 24, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03676-8_40
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The construction sector is responsible for about 40% of the global CO2 emissions, as well as being characterised by the inefficient use of materials resulting in high wastage. In recent decades, many industrialised nations have endorsed initiatives and protocols to reduce global warming, resource depletion and promote sustainable growth. The Kyoto Protocol commits its parties to binding emission reduction targets. This, for example, led to the European Commission setting specific targets for the construction industry, including reducing energy consumption and promoting the sustainable use of material resources. Life-cycle assessment analytical tools are now commonly being used to analyse the environmental impacts of projects. Several recent studies have highlighted the remarkably low increases in productivity within the construction industry (Egan 2014; Woetzel et al. 2017). These reports provide an insight into the current status-quo, including an understandin
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