Knowledge Management Applied to Electronic Public Procurement
Public procurement is a knowledge-based process. It involves, amongst others the knowledge of needs and trends, knowledge of concerned products or services, on their evolution in time and knowledge about actors able to offer them. The knowledge of politic
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Department of Management and Engineering, Linköping University, Sweden
[email protected] 2
MODEME, Centre Magellan, Jean Moulin University, Lyon3, France [email protected]
Abstract. Public procurement is a knowledge-based process. It involves, amongst others the knowledge of needs and trends, knowledge of concerned products or services, on their evolution in time and knowledge about actors able to offer them. The knowledge of political and legal context should be also considered as well as the environmental and social impact. Electronic procurement aims in reducing the amount of paper, but also in quicker and more knowledgeable processing of proposals and decision taking. We consider procurement activity as a part of a global organizational knowledge flow. This work goal is to analyze the whole process, identify the elements of knowledge necessary for successful purchase processing, to study the contribution of AI approaches and techniques to support the above elements. It is also to position e-procurement in the organizational knowledge flow. Keywords: Procurement, Public Procurement, e-procurement, Knowledge Management.
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Public Procurement
Purchasing is one of the most important activities for any kind of organization. Axelsson and Håkansson [3] define three different roles for purchasing: • The rationalization role – to buy at very competitive prices which will put pressure on supplier efficiency. • The developing role – to monitor the technical development (product and process) in different supplier segments and to encourage the suppliers to undertake technical development projects. • The structuring role – to develop and maintain a supplier structure with a high potential for both development and efficiency. While purchasing is in many ways similar for both public and private sectors, public procurement is in almost all situations and countries regulated by a specific legislation, which is stricter than the one that regulates the private sector's purchasing activities. For example, in public procurement environment the Request for Proposal (RfP) E. Mercier-Laurent and D. Boulanger (Eds.): AI4KM 2012, IFIP AICT 422, pp. 95–111, 2014. © IFIP International Federation for Information Processing 2014
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H. Lindskog and E. Mercier-Laurent
after it has been published cannot be changed, there is a possibility to appeal for suppliers if they consider themselves of being unfairly treated in the tendering process and must be taken into consideration not only economical but also political goals such as environmental and societal. The closest similarity between public procurement and private purchasing is probably in the case of acquisitions of large investments, often called project purchasing [1], [4], [15] and [30]. Public procurement activities by European Union member states are based on the principles from the Treaty of Rome (1957) aiming for establishing the free market within the EU is the base for public procurement and follows five fundamental principles: Non-discrimination – all dis
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