Lab-on-a-Chip Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
In the area of bioanalytics reliable and sensitive detection methods for the analysis of a variety of molecules like, for example, drugs and DNA are required. As Raman spectroscopy is characterized by a high specificity, it is well suited for bioanalytica
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stract In the area of bioanalytics reliable and sensitive detection methods for the analysis of a variety of molecules like, for example, drugs and DNA are required. As Raman spectroscopy is characterized by a high specificity, it is well suited for bioanalytical issues. However, a major drawback concerning this technique is the low sensitivity due to the weakness of the Raman effect. A possibility to achieve the sensitivity needed for bioanalytics is the use of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The addition of nanostructured metal surfaces leads to an enhancement of the Raman signal and a more sensitive detection method which is even able to detect single molecules. Since the analysis of small samples and minimal sample volumes as well as the detection of low analyte concentrations are requested in bioanalytics, the combination of SERS and a lab-on-a-chip device seems to be a promising way to offer a sensitive detection method with reproducible measurement conditions and a highly defined detection area specified by a chip system. The range of lab-on-a-chip devices applied for SERS detection varies from microarray platforms to microfluidic systems equipped with, for example, implemented SERS substrates fabricated by lithography or the possibility of in situ synthesis of colloidal substrates. Besides a multiplicity of designs and application areas, a variety of different materials and fabrication procedures for lab-on-a-chip
A. M€arz • P. R€osch Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany T. Henkel • D. Malsch Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany J. Popp (*) Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany e-mail: [email protected] W. Fritzsche and J. Popp (eds.), Optical Nano- and Microsystems for Bioanalytics, Springer Series on Chemical Sensors and Biosensors (2012) 10: 229–246 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-25498-7_8, # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012
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systems are also established, for example, glass chips produced by wet etching or PDMS chips manufactured by pattern replication. Most of the devices are especially designed for a certain bioanalytical application. The combination of microarray platforms and SERS is, used for the detection of cancer, proteins, and microorganisms as well as for labelled and label-free detection of DNA and RNA. The applications of microfluidic systems vary from monitoring of proteins and drugs to the detection of cells. In addition to quantification using direct and indirect SERS measurements, multiplexing analysis in a microfluidic device is feasible. The Lab-on-a-Chip Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (LOC-SERS) as a reproducible and sensitive detection method enriches the field of bioanalytics. Keywords Bioanalytic • Lab-on-a-chip
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