Laboratory investigation of the mode-I fracture of sandstone caused by a combination of freeze-thaw cycles and chemical
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Laboratory investigation of the mode-I fracture of sandstone caused by a combination of freeze-thaw cycles and chemical solutions Tielin Han 1,2
&
Xianfeng Wang 2 & Zhihui Li 1 & Dawang Li 2 & Feng Xing 2 & Ningxu Han 2
Received: 17 July 2019 / Accepted: 20 February 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The mechanical parameters and deterioration mechanisms of sandstone specimens obtained from the hydrofluctuation belt in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region of China were investigated under a combination of freeze-thaw cycles and different chemical solutions. The degradation in several mechanical characteristics was discussed, and the degree of freeze-thaw deterioration of the mechanical behaviors was quantitatively analyzed based on the crack propagation radii and a damage variable that reflects the changes in porosity. The results showed that the mechanical parameters of sandstone had a significant damage deteriorating trend under freeze-thaw cycles and different chemical solutions. And the degree of damage deterioration of fracture toughness KIC was the greatest, followed by that of tensile strength; that of compression strength was the smallest. There was obvious consistency among fracture toughness KIC, tensile strength, and compression strength of sandstone under a combination of freeze-thaw cycles and different chemical solutions; those were obvious linear relationship. The crack propagation radii for the various effects of freeze-thaw cycles and chemical solutions were smaller than those of the natural state and the radii generally decreased with increasing freeze-thaw cycles. Keywords Sandstone deterioration . Chemical corrosion . Freeze-thaw cycle . Mode-I fracture . Damage variable
Introduction Rocks are natural aggregates of mineral particles, pores, and cementing materials that form the main body of the lithosphere. Microcracks, crevices, and flaws of different magnitudes are inevitably scattered throughout rocks. Studies (Ciccotti et al. 2000; Saadaoui et al. 2000; Erarslan and Williams 2012) show that rock failures are closely related to fractures. The fracture toughness is an essential characteristic to consider in the destruction of rock that occurs during different processes, such as rock cutting, blasting, and hydraulic fracturing for tunnel excavation. An understanding of rock fracture toughness has become increasingly important to rock engineering design and * Tielin Han [email protected] 1
School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Xian University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
2
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Durability for Marine Civil Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China
construction. After applying fracture mechanics to rock (Shah et al. 1996; Yehia and Wahab 2007), several scholars have studied the fracture toughness of the rock under static and dynamic conditions. Static studies have aimed at experimental methods
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